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BSC-1005L Florida St
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| characteristics of life | Presence of Carbon,Organization,Complexity,Metabolism,Homeostasis,Response to Stimuli,Reproduction,Growth |
| The Five Kingdoms | Kingdom Monera-bacteria,Kingdom Protista-algae and protazoas,Kingdom Fungi,Kingdom Plantae,Kingdom Animalia |
| Biology | the study of life |
| Three basic components of all cells | 1.Cell Membrane- boundary between interior of cell and external environment.2.Cytoplasm everything outside the nucleus (if Present)3.DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid |
| The Cell Theory: The Three Tenets | 1. All living things are composed of cells.2. The cell is the basic functional unit of life.3. All cells arise from previously existing cells. |
| Prokaryotic cell | has no nucleus or membranebound organelles (endoplasmic reticulum,mitochondria, plastids, or Golgi bodies). The cellsof bacteria and blue-green algae are prokaryotic. |
| Eukaryotic cell | Eukaryotic cell has a distinct nucleus surroundedby a nuclear membrane, as well as a variety of othercharacteristics (membranous organelles). |
| nucleus | control center of the cell; contains DNA,which regulates cell activity and controls heredity. |
| cell membrane | regulates movement of materials into and out of cell. |
| cytoplasm | everything outside the nucleus withinthe cell membrane; a complex solution includinggranules, droplets, rod-like and threadlike bodies andmembranes. |
| endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | membrane system for the movement of various materials in the cell; the siteof chemical reactions; sometimes lined with ribosomes. |
| ribosomes | site of proteinsynthesis. |
| golgi bodies | membrane system formed offlattened sacs; prepares and packages materials to beused in the cell |
| lysosomes | sacs of digestive enzymes that areinvolved in intracellular digestion; abundant in lungtissue, digesting "worn out" cell parts;known as "suicide bags" or "garbage disposal units".Not present in plant cells. |
| mitocondira | power house of the cell; site ofcellular respiration; ATP molecules made here forstorage of energy. |
| 3 parts of the cellt theory | 1.All living things are composed of cells 2.The cell is the basic functional unit of life.3.All cells arise from previously existing cells. |
| Plant cells contain | chlorophyll ( animal cells do not) |
| cell walls are found in | plant cells not in aminal cells |
| unicellular | containing only one cell |
| multi cellular | containing more than one cell |
| DNA | negatively charged protiens that contain your genetic fingerprint. |
| James Watson andFrancis Crick | proposed amodel for the completechemical structure of DNA, thenow famous “double helix”. |
| Goals of the Human Genome Project: | 1)to determine the sequence of the 3 billion chemical bases2)identify 30,000 genes in the human genome.3)publicly accessible databases.4)to develop faster, more efficient sequencing tools5)to address the legal, ethical, and social issues |
| Anticipated Benefits of The Genome Project | impr. to diagnosis of genetic diseases, development of gene therapies ,impr. matching of organ donors/recipients,impr.in DNA forensics,identification of crime and disaster victims,improved techniques to paternity,better crops,ident. endangered/protected |
| Ethical, Social, and Legal IssuesAssociated With Genetic Knowledge | insurance companies, employers,schools, law enforcement access your genetic profile? “genetic enhancement” of children, using gene therapy? technology be available to everyone ($$)? diversity of the human race? |
| genetics | study of how genes pass from generation to generation |
| DNA | the hereditary(genetic) material that contains the information todirect cell reproduction, inheritance, and otherprocesses. DNA is organized into functional unitscalled genes and genes are organized intochromosomes. |
| homologus chromosome | during meiosis, chromosomes areorganized into “homologous pairs”.Members of a pair have an identicalsequence of genes. |
| gene | The functional unit ofheredity. |
| allele | Those genes which occupythe same position on each memberof a homologous pair are calledalleles. The two alleles can beidentical or alternative forms of thesame gene. |
| genotype | The specific alleliccombination in an organism. |
| multiple allelism | An individual can only have two alleles for a given gene, however,more than two alleles for a gene may exist in the generalpopulation.Example: The A, B, AB, O blood groups in humans. |
| stages of cancer | 1)inhibition2)proliferation3)tumor4)carcinogen5)malignant6)benign |
| first trimester | the vulnerable period, unhealthy actions may cause defects on unborn child |
| viral STD's | hiv, warts, herpies 2, hepatitus b, hpv |
| Bacterial STD's | chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis |
| Central nervous system | brain and spinal chord |
| Peripheral nervous system | sensory and motor neurons |
| 3 accessory organs | liver, pancreas, gallbladder |
| small intestine | site of major food absorption and breakdown |
| risk factors for cardiac diseases | genetics, diet, diabetes, hypertension, exersize, smoking |
| Characteristics of all animals | eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotophic, capable of locamotion |
| Porifera | "pore bearing" sponges. collar cells-sponges get food through these |
| Cnidera | "stinging" animals. nematocyse- stinging structures. (coral) |
| platyheminthes | flatworms. parasite, tapeworms. 1st phila for sephilization- sensory organd in one area |
| Nematoda | "roundworms" lots of species. external cuticle |
| Anelida | "segmented worms" leach |
| Arthropod | "jointed foot" lots of species, most aboundant. mostly insects. exosceleton |
| Mullusca | mantel secreats the shell. squid and nudibranch |
| enchinodermata | "spiny skinned" sea stars sea erchins. water muscular system |
| chordata | us! pheringeal guil slitts, post anal tail, nontcord, nerve cord |
| magnification | increases apparent size of specimen |
| resolution | the ability to see and distinguish finer details |
| objective | used to magnify specimen |
| mechanical stage | where the mount is places for viewing |
| diaphram | located directly under the stage used to filter light |
| coarse adjuestment knob | used to move stage up and down |
| fine adjustment knob | used to bring specimen into focus once it is in view |
| compound microscope | uses more than one lense to filter light through a speciment for viewing |
| dissecting microscope | used primarily for oberving and dissecting larger specimens. |
| Transmission electron microscope | uses an electron beam that passes through very thin sections of a specimen. used to study internal structures of plants and animals |
| scanning electron microscope | uses an electron beam to scan the serfice pf a specimen, providing a 3-d immage. |
| mitosis | The division of one cell producing two cellsexactly like the original cell.One cycle. Division of somatic cells.1. Interphase2. Prophase3. Metaphase4. Anaphase5. Telophase-one division-2 identical cells-6 chromosones |
| Meiosis | A reduction division, by which gametes areproduced. One cell produces four cells with half thechromosome number using two cycles of division.Production of gametes (eggs or sperm).-sex cells-2 divisions ( 4 cells)-23 chromosomes |
| the scientific method | problem statement-> questioning/gather facts-> hypothesis-> testing/exieriment-> conclusion/explanation-> theory |
| gametes | sex cells |
| zygote | union of gametes |
| Fertilization | the process of two gametes coming togehter |
| homologus chromosomes | pairs of identical chromosomes |
| tetrad | when homologus chromosomes begin to unite with one another to form a configuration |
| cancer | a group of diseases characterized byuncontrolled growth and spread ofabnormal cells |
| causes of cancer | 1) environmental conditions2) radiation3) viruses4) hereditary5) many other causes |
| treatments for cancer | 1) early detection2) chemotherapeutic drugs3) radiation therapy4) immunotherapy5) surgery |
| cancer's 7 warning signs | 1) change in bowel or bladder habits2) a sore that does not heal3) unusual bleeding or discharge4) thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere5) indigestion or difficulty swallowing6) obvious change in wart or mole7) nagging cough or hoarseness |
| RNA | synthesizes (makes) these proteinsusing the ribosomes in thecytoplasm of the cell.These proteins are used asenzymes, and for building andrepairing other molecules in the body |
| RNA compared to DNA | single strandedribose sugar (in sugar phosphatebackbone)bases – adenine, cytosine,guanine, uracilfunctions in protein synthesis |
| DNA compared to RNA | double strandeddeoxyribose sugar (in sugarphosphate backbone)bases – adenine, cytosine,guanine, thyminefunctions in directing cellprocesses |
| Gel Electrophoresis/ DNA fingerprinting | • DNA negatively charged,Gel made from agarose,DNA separated according to size,Shortest-smallest fragments move fastest to the bottom• Longer, slower fragments remain at the top of the gel• DNA can be visualized by staining with anappropriate dye |
| antigen | protien marker that gives bloodcell its ABO identity |
| antibodies | protiens fond in plasma that binds to a particulat antigen |
| Agglutination | clumping caused by antibodies binding to a particular organ |
Created by:
nicoletteo
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