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APES Review 2
2nd set of words
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What's R Strategist? | Reprodce early, many small unprotected offspring. |
| What's K Strategist? | Reproduce late, few, cared for offspring. |
| What's Natural Selection? | Organisms that possess favorable adaptations pass them onto the next generation. |
| What's Malthus? | Said humanpopulation cannot continue to increase...consequences will be war, famine & dsease |
| What's Dubling Time? | Rule of 70 70 divided by te percent growth rate. |
| What's Replacing Level Fertility? | The number of children a couple must have to replace themselves(2.1 developed, 2.7 developing) |
| What's World Population? | Over 6 billion. |
| What's Preindustrial Stage? | Birth & death rates high, population grows slowly, infant mortality high. |
| What's Transition Stage? | Death rate lower, better health care, population grows fast. |
| What's Indstrial Stage? | Decline in birth rate, population growth slows. |
| What's Postindustrial Stage? | low birth & death rates. |
| What's Age Structure Diagrams? | (broad base, rapid growth)(narrow base, negative growth)(uniform shape, zero growth) |
| What's 1st & 2nd Most Populated Countries? | China & India |
| What's the ost Important Thing Affecting Population Growth? | Low status of women. |
| What's Ways to Decrease Birth Rate? | Family planning, contraception, economic rewards & penalties. |
| What's Percent water on Earth by Type? | 97.5% seawater, 2.5% freshwater |
| What's Salinazationof Soil? | In arid regions, water evaporates leaving salts behind. |
| What's Ways to Conserve Water? | (Agriculture, drip/trickle irigaion)(industry, recycling)(home, use gray water, repair leaks, low flow fixtures) |
| What's Point vs Non-Point Source? | Point: from specific location such as pipeNon-pint: from over an area such as runoff. |
| What's BOD? | Biological oxygen demand, amount of disolved oxygen needed by aerobic decomposers to break down organic materials. |
| What's Eutrophication? | Rapid algal growth aused by an excess of N&P |
| What's Hypoxia? | When aquatic plants die, the BOD rises as aerobic decomposers break down the plants, the DO dros & the water onnot support life. |
| What's Minamata Disease? | Mental impairments caused by mercury. |
| What's Primary Air Pollutants? | Poduced by humans & nature ( CO, CO2, So2, NO, hydrcarbons, particulaes) |
| What's Secondary Pollutants | Formed by reaction of primary pollutants. |
| What's Particulate Matter(Source, Effect, Reduction)? | (Buring fossil fuels & car exhaust)(Reduces visibility & resiratory irritation)(filtering, electrostatic precipitators alternative energy) |
| What's Nitrogen Oxides? | (Source: auto exaust) (Effects: acidification of laks, respirator irritation, leas to smog & zone)(Equaton for acid formation: NO+O2=NO2=H2)=HNO3)(Reduction: catalytic converter) |
| What's Sulfur Oxides? | (Soure: coal burning)(Effects: acid deposition,espiratory irriation, demages plants)(Equation for acid formation: SO+O2=SO3+H2O=H2SO4)(Reduction: scrubbers,burn low sulfur fuel) |
| What's Carbon Oxides? | (Source: auto exhaust incomplete combustion)(Effects: CO binds to hemoglobin reducing bloods abiity to carry O, CO2 contributes to global warming)(REducion: Cataltic converter, emission testing, oxygenated fuel, mass transit) |
| What's Ozone? | (Formation: secondary pollutant, NO=UV=NO+OO+O2=O3, with VOC's)(Effects: respiatory irritans, plants damage)(Reduction: Reduce NO Emissions & VOC's) |
| What's Indusrial Smog? | Found in cities that burn large amounts of coal. |
| What's Acid Deposition? | Caued by sulfuric and nitric acids resulting in lowered pH of surface waters. |
| What's Greenhouse gases? | (Ex. H2o, CO2, O3, methane(CH4), CFC's)(EFFECT: they trap outgoing infrared (heat) energy causing earth to warm up) |
| What's Ozone Depletion Caused By? | CFC's, methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, halon, methyl bromide all of which attack stratospheric ozone. |
| What's Effect of Ozone Depletion? | Inceased UV, skin cancer, cataracts, decreased plant growth. |
| What's Love Canal, NY? | Chemicals buried in old canal and school & homes built over it causing bith defects & cancer. |
| What's Most Municipal SOLID Waste? | Paper |
| What's Most municipal waste? | Landfilled |
| What's Sanitary Landfill Problems and Solutions? | (leachate, liner with collection system)(methane gas, collect gas and burn)(volume of garbage, compact & reduce) |
| What's Incineration Advantages? | Volume of waste reduced by 90% & waste heat can be used. |
| What's Incineration Disadvantages? | toxic emisssions polyvinyl cloride--dioxin), scrubbers & electrostatic precipitators needed, ash disposal |
| What's Best Way to Solve Waste Problems? | Reduce the amounts of waste at the source |
| What's Keystone Species? | Species whose role in an ecosystem are more important than others |
| What's Indicator Species? | Species that serve as early warnings that an ecosystem is being damaged. |
| What's Most Endangered Species? | Have a small range, require large territory or live on an island. |
| Who Keeps in Controls 50-90% of Pest Species in the Natural World? | Predators, diseases, parasites |
| What's Major Insecticide Groups and Examples? | (Chlorinted hydrocarbons, DDT)(Organophosphates, malathion)(Carbamates aldicarb) |
| What's Pesticide Pros? | Saves lives from insect trasmitted diseases, increases food supply, increases profits for farmers. |
Created by:
Ch4v3z
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