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CK-12 Ch 3 E.S
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| element | substance that cannot be made into a simpler form by ordinary chemical means. |
| protons | Part of the atom that has a positive electrical charge. |
| electrons | Part of the atom that has a negative electrical charge |
| neutrons | Part of the atom that has no charge |
| isotopes | Atoms of element with differing of neutorns |
| atomic mass | the number of protons plus neutrons gives the atom this number |
| ion | When an atom either gains or loses electrons, this creates an |
| molecule | The smallest unit of a compound |
| Nucleus | the center of an atom, made of protons and neutrons. |
| chemical bond | A force that holds atoms together |
| covalent bond | Electrons shared between atoms |
| ionic bond | A chemical bond in which atoms give or accept electrons |
| metallic bond | Attractive forces between freely moving electrons and positively charged metal ions, |
| chemical compound | A substance in which the atoms of two or more elements bond together. |
| crystal | A solid in which all the atoms are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern. |
| mineral | A naturally occurring inorganic, crystalline solid with a characteristic chemical composition. |
| silicate | Mineral made of a silica tetrahedron, with a silicon ion and oxygen ions. |
| cleavage | The tendency of a mineral to break along certain planes to make smooth surfaces. |
| density | the amount of matter in a certain amount of space: mass divided by volume |
| fracture | The way a mineral breaks when it is not broken along a cleavage plane. |
| hardness | The ability of a mineral to resist scratching |
| luster | The way light reflects off of the surface of the mineral |
| rock | A collection of minerals |
| crystallization | The formation of mineral grains from cooling magma. |
| erosion | The transport of weathered materials and sediments by water, wind, ice, or gravity. |
| igneous rock | A rock formed from cooled magma. |
| metamorphic rock | A rock that forms from a previous rock that is exposed to heat and/ or pressure. |
| metamorphism | A solid state change in an existing rock due to high temperature and/ or pressure that creates a metamorphic rock. |
| precipitate | Solid substance that separates out of a liquid to form a solid, usually when the liquid evaporates. |
| rock cycle | the never-ending cycle in which one rock type changes into another rock type. |
| sediment | Small particle of soil or rock deposited by wind or water. |
| sedimentary rock | The rock that forms from the compaction of sediments or the precipitation of material from a liquid |
| sedimentation | Sediments are laid down in a deposit |
| weathering | The chemical or physical breakdown of rocks, soils, or minerals at Earth's surface |
| fractional crystallization | The crystallization of a fraction of the minerals in magma depending on temperature |
| partial melting | The melting of some, but not all, of the minerals in rock, depending on temperature. |
| organic | Something from living organisms. |
| contact metamorphism | Changes in a rock that result from temperature increases when a body of magma contacts a cooler existing rock |
| foliation | Flat layers in rocks due to squeezing by pressure. |
| regional metamorphism | Changes in rock that occur because of high pressure over a large area |
Created by:
tmcnu2
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