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Fluids A&P 2
Fluids
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Body Water Content of infants? | ≥ 73% water |
| Body Water Content of Adult males? | normal adult males ~ 60% |
| Body Water Content of Adult females? | normal adult females ~ 50%; |
| Body Water Content of elderly? | elderly ~ 45% |
| skeletal muscle hydration percentage? | (~ 65% water) |
| adipose tissue hydration percentage? | ( 20% water) |
| What is "Intracellular fluid (ICF)"? | water within cells of the body; ~ 62% of body’s water |
| Define Extracellular fluid (ECF) | water in the body outside cells |
| Define Plasma | fluid component of blood; ~ 8% of body’s water |
| Define Interstitial fluid (IF) | fluid in spaces between tissue cells; ~ 30 of body’s water, usually includes lymph, CSF, synovial fluid, serous fluid, etc… |
| Define nonelectrolytes | molecules that have no electrical charge; do not dissociate in water (e.g.: organic molecules such as glucose, lipids, creatinine & urea) |
| Define electrolytes | molecules that do dissociate in water into charged particles (e.g.: inorganic salts, organic & inorganic acids & bases, some proteins) |
| Since electrolytes dissociate into 2 or more ions in water, they have the greatest ability to do what? | cause osmotic movement of water |
| What is extracellular fluid? | chief ions are sodium cations (positive ions) & chloride anions (negative ions) |
| What is intracellular fluid? | chief ions are potassium cations & phosphate anions (negative ions) |
| cellular ATP-dependent sodium-potassium pumps maintain balance; how? | (keep sodium ions outside cell & potassium ions inside cell) |
| The bulk of the mass of dissolved solutes in body fluid are what? | since ions are generally small molecules, proteins & large nonelectrolytes (mostly lipids) |
| Exchanges between plasma & interstitial fluid occur where? | across capillary membranes |
| Exchanges between interstitial & intracellular fluids occur how? | by passive transport (osmosis & diffusion) & active transport |
| water intake balance percentages? | 60% fluids; 30% water in foods; 10% from metabolism (metabolic water or water of oxidation) |
| water output balane percentages? | 60% excreted in urine; 28% vaporizes out of lungs of is lost by diffusion through skin (insensible water loss); 8% lost through perspiration & 4% in fecal waste |
| hypothalamic thirst center stimulated when? | when osmoreceptors lose water by osmosisto ECF; results in sensation of thirst |
| insensible water losses occur where? | from skin & lungs |
Created by:
martinandmary
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