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biology chapter 12.

definitions

QuestionAnswer
transformation decoding of mRNA message into a polypeptide chain.
bacteriophage virus that infects bacteria.
nucleotides monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
base-pairing principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine.
histones globular protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin.
replication copying process in which a cell duplicates its DNA.
DNA Polymerase enzyme that "proofreads" new DNA strands, helping to ensure that each molecule is a nearly perfect copy of the original DNA.
genes sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait.
the three types of RNA Messenger RNA(mRNA), Ribosomal RNA(rRNA), and Transfer RNA(tRNA)
Messenger RNA (mRNA) Most genes contain instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins. The RNA molecules that carry copies of these instructions are known as ___________ because they serve as "messengers" from DNA to the rest of the cell.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) proteins are assembled on ribosomes. Ribosomes are made up of several dozen proteins, as well as a form of RNA known as _______.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) durning the construction of a protein, a third type of RNA molecule transfers each amino acid to the ribosome as it is specified by coded messages in mRNA.
transcription RNA molecules are produced by copying part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA into a complementary sequence in RNA.
RNA polymerase enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription
what happens during transcription? Durning transcription, RNA polymerase binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands. RNA polymerase then uses one strand of DNA as a template from which nucleotides are assembled into a strands of RNA.
promoters region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA
introns not involved in coding for proteins. interventing sequence of DNA; does not code for a protein.
exons expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein.
codon three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid.
translation decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain
anticodon group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon.
mutations changes in genetic material
point mutations gene mutations involving changes in one or a few nucleotides are known as ________ because they occur at a single point in the DNA sequence.
frameshift mutations mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by insterting or deleting a nucleotide.
polyploidy condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
operon group of genes operating together
Created by: cbrucey
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