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ES: Ch. 3
Ch 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| substances that are found naturally in the earth and have a crystalline structure | minerals |
| the identification and classification of minerals | mineralogy |
| water containing calcium carbonate | hard water |
| substances that exist naturally in the earth's crust as single, uncombined elements | native elements |
| group that consists of compounds made with the fluorine | halides |
| group that consists of compounds containing sulfer | sulfides |
| sulfide that is commonly referred to as "fool's gold" | pyrite |
| group that contains oxygen bonded to a metal | oxides |
| minerals containing carbon bonded to oxygen is known as | carbonates |
| group that contains phosphorus and oxygen atoms | phosphates |
| The largest group of minerals | silicates |
| contains a geometric structure and orderly arrangement | crystals |
| the flat surfaces found on crystals | faces |
| found in pencil lead | graphite |
| hardest naturally occurring substance | diamond |
| What 2 affects fail the color test for identifying minerals | presence of impurities and tarnishing |
| unglazed porcelain | streak plate |
| reside a mineral leaves behind on an unglazed porcelain | streak |
| how a mineral reflects or refracts light | luster |
| Resistance a mineral has to being scratched | hardness |
| scale used to measure hardness | Mohs scale |
| tendency of a mineral to break readily along certain planes that produces a crack known as | cleavage |
| flat surfaces | planes |
| an objects density compare to the density of water is known as | specific gravity |
| minerals that glow particular colors when exposed to uv lights in a dark room | fluorescent |
| minerals that continue to glow for a while after being exposed to UV light and then placed in the dark | phophorescent |
| extracted from the earth | mined |
| extracting metals from the earth and preparing them for use | metallurgy |
| 3 steps for metallurgy | extraction, refined, shaping |
| a lightweight, silvery metal | aluminum |
| iron-containing product that makes steel is known as an | alloy |
| a reddish-orange metal found on pennies and is a good conductor of electricity | copper |
| used for radiation shielding, automobile batteries, and small arms amunition | lead |
| metal that has become more valuable than gold and silver because of its many uses | platinum |
| beautiful mineral crystals that are prized for their hardness, color, and "fire" | precious stones |
| mineral corundum makes what 2 precious stones | ruby and sapphire |
| mineral beryl makes what 2 precious stones | emerald and aquamarine |
| imitation stone that is made looks like the real but is not | simulant gemstones |
| identical stone to the real in appearance and chemical content | synthetic gemstones |
| hardest material that makes the earth's crust | Rock |
| the study of the origin, composition, and structure of rocks | petrology |
| most common igneous rock | rock basalt |
| when magma cools slowly which gives the rock a mixed texture | porphyritic |
| hard, round structures that form when minerals settle out of water | concretions |
| horizontal rock layers | stratum |
| rock formed from fragments of other rock | clastic sedimentary rock |
| rock which consists of smooth pebbles embedded in hardened sand or clay | conglomerate rock |
| chemical sedimentary rock where 50% consist of calcium carbonate | limestone |
| used for fuel and derived from the remains of once-living things | fossil fuel |
| coal tar | bitumen |
| where miners strip away upper layers of the ground | overburden |
Created by:
Mrs. Sechrist
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