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Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Enzyme | Proteins made by living cells, arebiological catalysts, break down molecules, build up molecules, they have an active site that only substrate can fit in. |
| Stomata | Tiny holes where gas exchange occur |
| Guard Cells | Cells that can chnage shape and open or close the stomata |
| Phloem | Tubes that take glucose formed during photosynthisis to other parts of the plant |
| Xylem | Vessels that bring water to the leaf from the soil. |
| Chlorophyll | Green substanceinside leaf that traps energy from the light. |
| Spongy mesophyll | Irregular-shaped cells thatprovide airspaces that allow gases todiffuse to andfrom cells. |
| Pallisade mesophyll | The layer near the top of the leaf so that the pallisade cells get plenty of light. Pallisade cells contain lots of chloroplasts forphotosynthisis. |
| Cuticle | A waxy layer that prevents water being lost from the top of the leaf |
| Lower Epidermis | Thin layer that supports bottom of leaf. |
| Upper epidermis | Thin layer that supports the top of the leaf. |
| Photosynthisis | Photo=Light Synthisis= To make Can only take place during the day. Carbon dioxide + Water ---> Glucose + Oxygen 6CO2 + 6H2O ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
| Calcium | Maintain strong bones, also needed for muscles andnerves to function properly. Found in dairy and fish |
| Iron | Is needed tomake haemoglobin which is in the red blood cell. Found in red meat and dark green veges. |
| Vitamin D | Is needed toenable calcium to be absorped bythe gut. Rickets:Weak bones and teeth. |
| Vitamin C | Protects cells from damage production of collagen that helps wounds to heal, also helps absorption of iron from plant foods. Scurvy: Fatigue, swollen gums,loss of teeth etc. Found in Citrus fruits. |
| Proteins | Chemical makeup of carbon,hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, (CHON)gives some energy, important for building new cells, making enzymes and defending us against disease. Made up of amino acids. Protein = Biuret = Purple |
| Lipids | Chemical make up, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (CHO). Also provide energy ( More than carbohydrates) insulation. Made up of simple sugars. Fats = Ethanol = Milky White |
| Carbohydrates | Chemical makeup of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen ( CHO) Main source of energy. Made up of fatty acids and glycergol. Starch= Iodine = Blue-Black Glucose = Heat = Brick red-Orange |
| Denatured | Enzymes altered by heat causing change in shape. |
| Catalysts | Is a substance that speeds up chemical reactions without being used up. |
| Active Site | Only certain molecules (Substrate)can fit into in order to react |
| Semi-permeable membrane | Allows only some substances through |
| Flaccid | When cell is not completely full with water |
| Turgid | When cell is full with water. |
| Diffusion | The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentrations. |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water |
| Nucleus | Contains genetic material that carries the instructions that control the structure and activities of the cell. (Found in animal and plant cells) |
| Cytoplasm | Contains the cell organelles (Found in animal and plant cells) |
| Cell membrane | Controls passage of substances into andout of cell (Found in animal and plant cells) |
| Cell Wall | A rigid wall that gives shape to plant cells (Found in plant cells only) |
| Vacuole | Contains water and dissolved substances and keep the pressure in plant cells. (Animals may contain small vacuole) (Found in plant cells only) |
| Chloroplasts | Where photosynthisis takes place (Found in plant cells only) |
| Transpiration | Water evaporates from mesophyll cell surface forming water vapour which can leave through the stomata |
| Stamen | The male part of the flower which consists of the anther and the filament |
| Filament | Supports the anther |
| Anther | Produces the pollen |
| Sepal | Protects the flower when it is bud |
| Petals | Attracts insects for pollination |
Created by:
Vachrisa
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