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Biology Ch. 4 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Weather | day-to-day conditions of the atmosphere, including temperature, precipitation, and other factors |
| Climate | average year-to-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in an area over a long period of time |
| microclimate | environmental conditions within a small area that differ significantly from the climate of the surrounding area |
| greenhouse effect | process in which certain gases (carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor) trap sunlight energy in Earth's atmosphere as heat |
| tolerance | ability of an organism to survive and reproduce under circumstances that differ from their optimal conditions |
| habitat | area where an organism lives, including the biotic and abiotic factors that affect it |
| niche | full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions |
| resource | any necessity of life, such as water, nutrients, light, food, or space |
| Competitive exclusion principle | principle that states that no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time |
| predation | interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another one |
| herbivory | interaction in which one animal feeds on the producers |
| keystone species | single species that is not usually abundant in a community yet exerts strong control on the structure of a community |
| symbiosis | relationship in which two species live close together |
| mutualism | symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship |
| parasitism | symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it |
| commensalism | symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed |
| ecological succession | series of gradual changes that occur in a community following a disturbance |
| primary succession | succession that occurs in an area in which no trace of a previous community is present |
| pioneer species | first species to populate an area during succession |
| secondary succession | type of succession that occurs in an area that was only partially destroyed by disturbances |
| canopy | dense covering formed by the leafy tops of tall rain forest trees |
| understory | layer in a rain forest found underneath the canopy formed by shorter trees and vines |
| deciduous | term used to refer to a type of tree that sheds its leaves during a particular season each year |
| coniferous | term used to refer to trees that produce seed-bearing cones and have tin leaves shaped like needles |
| humus | material formed from decaying leaves and other organic matter |
| taiga | biome with long cold winters and a few months of warm weather |
| permafrost | layer of permanently frozen subsoil found in the tundra |
| Photic zone | sunlight region near surface of water |
| Aphotic Zone | dark layer the oceans below the photic zone where sunlight does not penetrate |
| benthos | organisms that live attached to or near the bottom of lakes, streams, or oceans |
| plakton | microscopic organsims that live in aquatic environments; include both phytoplankton and zooplankton |
| wetland | ecosystem in which water either covers the soil or is present at or near the surface for at least part of the year |
| Estuary | kind of wetland formed where a river meets the ocean |
Created by:
carlieanncoleman
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