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Chapter 6

Earth's Atmosphere

QuestionAnswer
atmosphere a thin layer of gases surrounding Earth
water vapor water in its gaseous form
troposphere the atmospheric layer closest to Earth's surface
stratosphere the atmospheric layer directly above the troposphere
ozone layer the area of the stratosphere with a high concentration of ozone
ionosphere a region within the mesosphere and thermosphere that contains ions
radiation the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
conduction the transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles of matter
convection the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles within matter
stability describes whether circulating air motions will be strong or weak
temperature inversion occurs in the troposphere when temperature increases as altitude increases
wind the movement of air from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure
trade winds steady winds that flow from east to west between 30 degrees N latitude and 30 degrees S latitude
westerlies steady winds that flow from west to east between latitudes 30 degrees N and 60 degrees N, and 30 degrees S and 60 degrees S
polar easterlies cold winds that blow from east to west near the North Pole and South Pole
jet stream a narrow band of high winds near the top of the troposphere
sea breeze wind that blows from the sea to the land due to local temperature and pressure differences
land breeze wind that blows from the land to the sea due to local temperature and pressure differences
air pollution the contamination of air by harmful substances including gases and smoke
acid precipitation when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxides combine with moisture in the atmosphere and form precipitation that has a pH lower than that of normal rainwater
photochemical smog air pollution that forms from the interaction between chemicals in the air and sunlight
particulate matter a mixture of dust, acids, and other chemicals that can be hazardous to human health
mesosphere middle layer of the atmosphere; meteors can burn up in this layer
thermosphere fourth layer of the atmosphere; temperatures here are very hot
exosphere outermost layer of the atmosphere; spacecraft travel in this layer
Created by: tduvall
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