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Microbiolo Chapter7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Are acquired from the environment and used for cellular activities | Nutrients |
| Any substance, whether in elemental or molecular form that must be provided to an organism | Essential nutrient |
| Required in relatively large quantities play principal roles in cell structure and metabolism | Micronutrients |
| Present in smaller amounts Involved in enzymes function and maintenence of protein structure | Micronutrients |
| Simple molecule that contains a combination of atoms than carbon and oxygen | Inorganic Nutrients |
| Contain carbon and hydrogen atoms usually the product of living things | Organic Nutrients |
| An organism that must obtain is carbon in organic form dependent on other life forms | Heterotroph |
| Self feeder Not dependent on other living things | Autotroph |
| Indispensable to DNA,RNA,&ATP | NITROGEN SOURCE |
| Nitrogen must be converted to _____ before it enters the cell | NH3 |
| Major component of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins | Oxygen Source |
| Maintain pH form hydrogen bonds between molecules | hydrogen sources |
| Main inorganic source is PO4 come from H3PO4 | Phosphorus Source |
| Microbes that photosynthesize | Phototroph |
| Microbes that heron energy from chemical compounds | Chemotrophs |
| Capture energy from light rays and transform into chemical energy that can be used for cell metabolism | Photo autotroph |
| Use organic compounds for energy and inorganic compounds as a carbon source CARBON | Chemo autotroph |
| Chemo autotroph that produce methane from hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide | Methanogens |
| Derived both carbon and energy from organic molecules organic molecules processed through respiration or fermentation and produce ATP | Chemo heterotroph |
| Principle energy yielding pathway in animal,protozoa, fungi, and aerobic bacteria | Aerobic respiration |
| Free LIVING microorganisms that feed primarily on organic detritus from dead organisms | Saprobes |
| Derive nutrients from the cell or living tissues of host | Parasites |
| live on or in the body and cause some degree of harm to the host consisted pathogens bc they can damage tissues and cause death | Parasitic Microorganisms |
| Live on the body | Ectoparasites |
| Live in organisms and tissues | Ectoparasites |
| Live within cells | Intracellular parasites |
| Unable to live outside of a living host | Obligate parasites |
| The movement of molecules across the cell membrane ex. Tea | Diffusion |
| The external environment is equal to the cell's internal environment EQUAL | Isotonic conditions |
| The movement of water across a selective permeable membrane | Osmosis |
| pure H20 HYDRATION cells without walls can sell and burst | Hypotonic Conditions |
| High osmotic pressure forces water to diffuse out of the cell DEHYDRATION | Hypertonic conditions |
| Pond H2O | HYPOTONIC CONDITIONS |
| Wet (soaked) the rate of transport of a substance is limited by the number of binding sites on the transport protein (no more binding sites) | Saturation |
| Big one wins! Two molecules of the same shape can bind to the dame binding site I'm the carrier | Competition |
| Transport nutrients against a concentration gradient or with a concentration gradient at a faster rate | Active Transport |
| Transport large molecules, particles, or liquids across the cell membrane by certain eukaryotes | Endocytosis |
| Range of temperatures die given microbial species | Cardinal Temperature |
| The lowest temperature that permits a microbes continuous growth abs metabolism | Minimum temperature |
| Highest temperature at which growth and metabolism can process | Maximize temperature |
| Intermediate temperature range between maximum and Minimum | Optimum temperature |
| Three Categories: those that use oxygen and can detoxify it those than can neither issue oxygen nor detoxify it those that do not use oxygen but can detoxify it | Gas Categories |
| Extremely reactive molecule produced both by living and nonliving processes | Singlet Oxygen (O) |
| O2- | Superoxide ion |
| H2O2 | Hydrogen peroxide |
| OH- | Hydroxyl radicals |
| Destructive metabolic byproducts of oxygen | Superoxide,hydrogen peroxide,hydroxyl radials |
| Can use gaseous oxygen in its metabolism | Aerobe (Aerobic organism) |
| An organism that cannot frown without oxygen | Obligate aerobe |
| An aerobe that does not require oxygen for its metabolism Capable of growth in the absence of oxygen | Facultative anaerobe |
| Doesn't grow at normal atmospheric conditions of oxygen | Microaerophile |
| Lacks the metabolic enzyme system for using oxygen STRICT or OBLIGATE ANAEROBES can't tolerate free oxygen and will die in its presence | Anaerobe |
| don't utilize oxygen can survive and grow to a limited extent in it's presence | Aerotolerant Anaerobes |
| The degree of alkalinity (or basicity) of a solution expressed on a scale from 0-14 | pH |
| Neutral at a pH of 7.0 | Pure water |
| As the pH value increases towards 14 | Alkalinity increases |
| As the pH decreases towards 0 | Acidity increases |
| Require high concentrations of salt for growth | Obligate Hali Halophiles |
| Resistant to salt, even though they don't normally reside in high salt environments | Facultative Halophiles |
| Require an acidic environment for growth | Obligate acidophiles |
| Require basic environment to grow | Alkalinophiles |
| Deep sea microbes | Barophiles |
| A generous term used to denote a situation in which TWO organisms LIVE together in a CLOSE partnership | Symbiosis |
| Exist when organisms live in an OBLIGATORY butt MUTUAL beneficial relationship | Mutualism |
| Commensal and coin habitat are what? | Commensalism |
| Receives benefits | Commensal |
| Neither harmed nor benefitted | Coinhabitant |
| Arises when one member provides nutritional or protective factors needed by the other | Satellitism |
| Host and parasite are examples of what | Parasitic Parasitism |
| Provides the parasitic microbe with nutrients and a habitat | Host |
| Multiplication of the parasite usually harm most to some extent | Parasite |
| Arises when members of a community compete | Antagonism |
| The production of inhibitory compounds, such as antibiotics | Antibiosis |
| An interrelationship between two or more free living organisms that benefits both but is not necessary for their survival | Synergism |
| Parent cell enlarges | Binary fission |
| The time required for a complete fission cycle | Generation time or (doubling time) |
| The growth pattern of microbes number of cells as a function of time | Exponential growth |
| A predictable pattern of growth in a population | Growth curve |
| What is the Basis of Population Growth ? | Binary fission |
| Population enters survival mode | Stationary growth phase |
| Curves Dips downward | Death phase |
| Flay period on the graph when the population appears not to be growing | Lag phase |
| Period during which the growth curve increases dramatically | Exponential growth or log phase |
| What term describes an organism that lacks superoxide dismutase and catalyst enzymes? | obligate anaerobes |
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CaylahMone
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