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Biology Lab
Unit 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Xylem | conducts water and minerals up from the soil. |
| Phloem | conducts organic nutrients from one part of the plant to another. |
| microphylls | leaves with a single, unbranched vein |
| sporophylls | Modified leaves that bear sporangia |
| strobili | Groups of sporophylls form cone-like structures |
| Megaspores | develop into female gametophytes |
| microspores | develop into male gametophytes |
| Heterospory | a trait shared with seed plants. |
| megaphylls | leaves with branched vascular systems. |
| pterophytes | seedless, vascular plant |
| Whisk ferns | seedless vascular plants that closely resemble the first vascular plants |
| Horsetails | jointed stems and large strobili at their stem tips. |
| Ferns | very leafy; leaves arise from an underground stem |
| rhizome | underground stem |
| Sori | Structures containing Sporangia |
| seed | consists of an embryo and its food supply, surrounded by a protective coat. |
| heterosporous | producing two different types of sporangia that produce two types of spores |
| integument | a layer of sporophyte tissue that envelops and protects the megasporangium |
| Gymnosperm | surrounded by one integument |
| Angiosperm | surrounded by two integuments |
| ovule | consists of the megasporangium, megaspores, and integument |
| pollen grain | consisting of a male gametophyte enclosed within a pollen wall |
| pollination | transfer of pollen to the vicinity of the ovule |
| Phylum Ginkgophyta | consists of only a single extant species, Ginkgo biloba |
| Cycads | have large cones and palmlike leaves |
| Phylum Gnetophyta | consists of three very different genera |
| Weltwitschia plants | from deserts in southwestern Africa, have straplike leaves that are among the largest known leaves |
| Gentum species | tropical trees or vines |
| Ephedra | a shrub of the American deserts |
| Conifer | include pines, firs, spruces, larches, yews, junipers, cedars, cypresses, and redwoods; evergreen, retaining their leaves and photosynthesizing throughout the year |
| Anthophyta | a single phylum where all angiosperms are placed in |
| flower | an angiosperm structure specialized for sexual reproduction |
| fruit | usually consists of a mature ovary, although it may include other flower parts as well |
| eudicots | “true” dicots |
| basal angiosperms | the flowering plants which diverged from the lineage leading to most flowering plants |
| magnoliids | one of the eight major groups that the flowering plants, or angiosperms, are divided into |
| sepals | a ring of modified leaves that enclose and protect the growing flower bud |
| stamen | consists of a thin, stem like filament and an anther |
| anther | where haploid pollen grains are produced |
| pistil | consists of a sticky stigma |
| stigma | a style, which connects the stigma to the top of the ovary |
| ovary | where the ovules are enclosed |
| Yeasts | single-celled fungi |
| hyphae | vegetative bodies of multicellular fungi are constructed of tiny filaments |
| mycelium | hyphae that form an interwoven mat that infiltrates the material on which the fungus feeds |
| chitin | a strong but flexible nitrogen-containing polysaccharide identical to that found in arthropods |
| septa | fungi that are multicellular with hyphae divided into cells by cross walls |
| mycorrhizae | Mutually beneficial relationships between fungi and plant roots |
| Ectomycorrhizal fungi | form sheaths of hyphae over the surface of the plant root and grow into the extracellular spaces of the root cortex |
| Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi | extend their branching hyphae through the root cell wall and into tubes formed by invagination of the root cell membrane |
| plasmogamy | The union of the cytoplasm of the two parent mycelia |
| karyogamy | the fusion of haploid nuclei contributed by two parents, occurs well after plasmogamy, the cytoplasmic fusion of cells from the two parents |
| dikaryotic | a mycelium that has two nuclei |
| molds | form visible mycelia; grow rapidly and produce many spores asexually |
| haustoria | specialized hyphae that allow some unique fungi them to penetrate the tissues of their host |
| zygomycetes | exhibit great diversity of life histories |
| zygosporangia | the site of karyogamy and then meiosis; resistant to freezing and drying, can survive unfavorable conditions |
Created by:
danat214
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