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vocab 8&9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ATP | compound used by cells to store and release energy |
| heterotroph | organism that obtains food by consuming other living things; also called a consumer |
| autotroph | organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds: also called a primary producer |
| photosynthesis | process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches |
| pigment | light-absorbing molecule used by plants to gather the suns energy |
| chlorophyll | principal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms |
| thylakoid | saclike potosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts |
| stroma | fluid portion of the chloroplast; outside the thylakoids |
| NAPD+ | carrier molecule that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules |
| light-dependent reactions | set of reactions in photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH |
| light-independent reactions | set of reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light; energy from ATP and NADPH is used to to build high-energy compounds such as sugar; also called the Calvin cycle |
| photosystem | cluster of chlorophyll and proteins found in thylakoids |
| electron transport chain | series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions |
| ATP synthase | cluster of proteins that span the cell membrane and allow hydrogen ions to pass through it |
| Calvin cycle | light-independent reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar |
| calorie | amount of energy needed to raise the temp of 1 gram of water by by degree Celsius |
| cellular respiration | process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen |
| aerobic | process that requires oxygen |
| anaerobic | process that doesn't require oxygen |
| glycolysis | first set of reactions in cellular respiration in which a molecule is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid |
| NAD+ | electron carrier involved in glycolysis |
| Krebs cycle | second stage of cellular respiration in which pyruvic acid broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions |
| matrix | innermost compartment of the mitchondrion; site of Krebs cycle reactions |
| fermentation | process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen |
Created by:
Sharion Davis
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