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Science Chapter 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| astronomy | study of stars, planets, moons, and other figures in space |
| axis | an imaginary line through north and south poles, that a planet rotates on |
| rotation | the spinning motion on a planets axis |
| revolution | the movement of one object around another |
| orbit | planets' path around the sun |
| calender | an organized system of time |
| solstice | the two days in a year when Earth's axis is farthest north or south of the equator |
| equinox | it is when the afternoon's sun it directly over the equator which causes equal day and night |
| force | a push or pull |
| gravity | attracts all objects toward each other |
| law of universal gravitation | every object in the universe attracts toward every other object |
| mass | amount of matter in an object |
| weight | the force of gravity on an object |
| inertia | the tendency to resist changing direction |
| newton's first law of motion | an object at rest will stay at rest an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon another force |
| phases | the different shapes you see of the moon on Earth |
| eclipse | when an object passes between the sun and another object, blocking the sunlight and casting a shadow |
| solar eclipse | when the moon's shadow hits Earth |
| penumbra | darkest part of a shadow |
| lunar eclipse | when Earth is directly between the sun and the moon |
| umbra | lightest part of a shadow |
| tides | rise and fall of water in 12.5 hours |
| spring tides | the highest high tide and the lowest low tide |
| neap | the lowest high tide and the highest low tide |
| telescope | a device built to observe distant objects to make them seem closer |
| maria | dark, flat areas |
| craters | large round pits |
| meteoroids | chunks of rock or dust from space |