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science7 1st 9 weeks
7th Grade Science 1st semester exam with Mrs. Haggard
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Qualitative observation | Descriptions not described with numbers |
| Quantitative observation | number of things or amount |
| Mass | The amount of material in an object |
| Volume | The amount of space something takes up |
| Density | The mass of a certain volume of a material or mass per unit volume |
| Triple beam balance | A tool that measures how much mass something has |
| Eukaryote | Cells have a nucleus with a membrane around it |
| Prokaryote | Cells that have no membrane around genetic material |
| Heterotroph | cannot make food for itself |
| Autotroph | can make food for itself |
| Passive transport | The movement of dissolved materials through a cell membrane without using celular energy |
| diffusion | The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| osmosis | Diffusion of WATER molecules through a selectively permeable membrane |
| active transport | The movement of materials through a cell membrane using the cells own energy |
| Photosynthesis | The process by which a cell captures the energy in the sunlight and uses it to make food |
| stomata | Small openings on the underside of the leaves |
| chlorophyll | The main pigment found in the chloroplasts |
| Respiration | The process by which cells obtain energy from Glucose(sugar) |
| Mitosis | The process of cell division where one copy of DNA is distributed into two daughter cells (division of the nucleus) |
| Trait | Physical characteristics of organisms |
| Gene | Factors that control traits |
| Allele | The different forms of a gene |
| Phenotype | An organisms physical appearance or visible traits |
| Genotype | An organisms genetic make-up |
| Dominant Allele | An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism |
| Recessive Allele | An allele whose trait is masked in the presence of a dominant allele |
| Homozygous/pure | Genes are alike for a particular trait |
| Heterozygous/hybrid | Genes are different for a particular trait |
| Meiosis | Cell division that produces gametes |
| Pedigre | A chart or family tree that tracks which family members have a particular trait |
| Punnet square | A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
| Karyotype | A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell |
| Carrier | A person who has one dominant allele for a trait and one recessive allele but doesn't have the trait |
| Cloning | An organism that has exactly the same genes as the organism from which it was produced |
| Mutation | Any change in a gene or chromosome |
| Protein synthesis | Production of proteins off a DNA strand |
| Evolution | The gradual change in a species over time |
| Adaptation | A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce |
| Variations | Any difference between individuals of the same species |
| Species | A group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring |
| Homologous structures | Similar structures that related species have inherited fro a common ancestor |
| Natural selection | The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment one more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species |
| Fossil | The preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past |
| 2 causes of genetic disorders | 1. Mutation in DNA of genes 2. Changes in overall structure or number of chromosomes |
| Protein synthesis takes place in | The ribosomes in the cytoplasm |
| Who are sex linked traits more common in and why | Males because they only have one X chromosome |
| How do you determine if it is a boy or girl | You look at chromosome pair 23 and if the chromosomes are the same then it's a girl and if they are different then it's a boy |
| Differences between DNA and RNA | 1. Nitrogen bases(T,A, C,G for DNA) (U,A,C,G for RNA) 2. 2 strands for DNA and 1 strand for RNA 3. Different sugar molecules |
| Density Equation | Mass/Volume |
| 3 parts of cell theory | 1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function 3. Cells are produced from cells already living |
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2022jgm1
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