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Macromolecules
Review of biological macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Ac
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What are the 4 types of macromolecules? | Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids |
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate? | Simple sugar (monosaccharide) |
What is the monomer of a protein? | Amino acid |
What is the monomer of a lipid? | Fatty acid |
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid? | Nucleotide |
What type of macromolecule is an enzyme? | Protein |
What type of macromolecule provides short-term (fast) energy for organisms? | Carbohydrates |
What type of macromolecule is used for long-term energy storage and is also a main component of the cell membrane? | Lipids |
What type of macromolecule is used for movement and structure? | Proteins |
What type of macromolecule stores genetic information for the cell? | Nucleic Acids |
What do enzymes do to activation energy for a chemical reaction? | Lower activation energy |
What is the name of the chemical an enzyme works on? | Substrate |
What is the name of the location on an enzyme where the substrate binds? | Active site |
Glucose is an example of what type of macromolecule? | Carbohydrate |
What is the name of the lipid that makes up the cell membrane? | Phospholipid |
Water is a polar molecule. What does this mean? | It has a positive and a negative end |
When you break down an unknown substance, you get amino acids. What material did you start with? | Protein |
When you break down an unknown substance, you get sugar. What material did you start with? | Carbohydrate |
When you break down an unknown substance, you get fatty acids. What material did you start with? | Lipid |
When you break down an unknown substance, you get nucleotides. What material did you start with? | Nucleic acid |
What is the name for cell energy? | ATP |
What is the name of the bond between two water molecules? | Cohesion |
What is the name of the bond between water and other materials? | Adhesion |
What two environmental conditions can affect how enzymes work? | pH and temperature |
What is the term for when an enzyme changes shape and no longer works? | Denatured |
What is the most important property of an enzyme, that makes it specific for the material it works on? | Shape |
What is the term meaning evaporation of water from plant leaves? | Transpiration |
In the lock and key model, what is the enzyme? | Enzyme = lock |
In the lock and key model, what is the substrate? | Substrate = key |
Another name for this type of macromolecule is a polypeptide. | Protein |