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233 exam 1
respiration, digestion, urinary,
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mouth: Physical d., Chem D, nutrient diffusion, ph, enzymes, substrates | Physical, chemical, no nutrient, neutral, Salivary Amylase:Lingual Lipase, Starches>sugar and lipids>fatty acids |
| esophagus: Physical d., Chem D, nutrient diffusion, ph, enzymes, substrates | no, no, no, neutral, none none |
| Stomach: Physical d., Chem D, nutrient diffusion, ph, enzymes, substrates | physical, chemical, no, acidic, pepsin, protein>amino acids |
| small intestines: Physical d., Chem D, nutrient diffusion, ph, enzymes, substrates | physical, chemical, nutrients diffision, basic, seperate flash card |
| Large intestine: Physical d., Chem D, nutrient diffusion, ph, enzymes, substrates | no, no, water, neutral, none, none |
| Mouth enzymes source, enzyme, product | salivary gland, amylase, starch>Sugar: Tongue, Lingual Lipase, Lipid>fatty acid |
| stomach enzymes source, enzyme, product #1 | stomach, pepsin, Protein>amino acids |
| stomach enzymes source, enzyme, product #2 | infant stomach, Rennin, curdles milk>amino acids |
| stomach enzymes source, enzyme, product #3 | stomach, gastric lipase, lipids>fatty acid |
| small intestine, enzymes source, enzyme, product #1 | pancreas, pancreatic amylase, starch>sugar |
| small intestine, enzymes source, enzyme, product #2 | small intestine (brush border), Maltose, beer/sugar>glucose |
| small intestine, enzymes source, enzyme, product #3 | Small intestine, lactase, milk sugar>glucose |
| small intestine, enzymes source, enzyme, product #4 | small intestine, sucrase, sugar>glucose |
| small intestine, enzymes source, enzyme, product #5 | pancreas, trypsin, protein>amino acids |
| small intestine, enzymes source, enzyme, product #6 | small intestine, carboxypeptinase, protein>amino acids |
| small intestine, enzymes source, enzyme, product #7 | pancreas, pancraetic lipase, fat>fatty acids |
| cephalo-gastric (who is talking to who and action) | head talking to stomach, starts the stomach (churning) |
| gastro-enteric (who is talking to who and action) | Stomach to small intestine, make room>push food down tubes>open pyloric valve |
| enter-gastric (who is talking to who and action) | small intestine to stomach, stop pushing and close pyloric valve |
| gastro-illiac (who is talking to who and action) | stomach to large intestine, make room or go poop, open ilocical valve. |
| Gastrin action and reflex | activate stomach, cephalo-gastric reflex |
| cck action and reflex | stops the stomach and releases bile, entrogastric reflex |
| secretin action and reflex | releases a buffer, entrogastric reflex |
| location and function of bile | made in liver, stored in gall bladder, soap |
| Order of air going in | nose>Pharynx>Larynx>Trachea>bronchi>Lung>aveoli>blood |
| Inhale steps | Diaphragm contracts, moves down>plural cavity expands>reduces pressure inside plural cavity>air goes in because of difusion, pressure less in lungs than outside lungs |
| what makes carbonic acid | carbonic anhydrase |
| which dictates breath, O2 or CO2 | CO2 |
| Supply and Demand of oxygen unloading | the less oxygen at tissue means more unloading of oxygen from RBC |
| When the curve shifts to the .... you get more unloading | right |
| responses to breathing 1 and 2 | 1. high co2 levels. 2. low O2 levels |
| factors that lead to more oxygen unloading and direction graph shifts | higher temp, co2, acid and shifts right |
| glycolysis | split sugar |
| glucose is... | 6 carbon sugar |
| aerobic metabolism | 1) glycolysis >2 pyruvates + 4 ATP + 2NADH. 2) Krebs cycle. 2 Acytel COA> 4 CO2 + 6 NADh + 2 FADH2 + 2 ATP. 3) 6 NADH and 2 FADH> 32 to 34 ATP + H2O |
| Genesis | create. Absorptive state |
| lysis | breakdown. Post absorptive state |
| Post absorptive state facts | when we are out of food, using reserves of fat (lipidsysis) and sugar (glycogenlysis). When burning fat reserves you get keytone bodies. |
| Absorptive state facts | 1 hour after eating. filter and process, make energy, store reserve. |
| water soluble vitamins | B C non storable |
| fat soluble vitamins | D E K A storable |
| diarrhea is.. | when the sm. intestines are not absorbing |
| constipation is... | when the sm. intestines is absorbing to much |
| fiber is.... | plant cell wall, cellulose, wood, not digestible, stretches the intestines. |
| where is b12 made | large intestines by ecoli |
| what is the urinary system | cleaning out waste from blood |
| urine pathway | kidney, ureters, bladder, urethra |
| kidney pathway | 1) filtration , by size, from blood to nephron. 2)re-absorption nephron to blood. 3)secretion from blood to nephron. |
| what is GFR | the amount of stuff flowing to/through kidneys |
| short term bp control | constricts afferent arteriole to let less blood into the kidney |
| long term bp control | monitored by the juxtaglomerular apparatus |
| channels to reabsorb | glucose, sodium, bicarbonate, amino acids/peptochannels, water |
| when the blood/water level is high... | ADH closes the channels to stop reabsorption |
| when blood salt level is low | alderstone builds channels to reabsorb salt |
| when blood sugar levels are high... | closes insulin channels |
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