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ES Minerals To Know!

The minerals that students should know!

TermDefinition
Calcite Group: Carbonate (CaCO3) Color: Usually white but also colorless, gray, red, green, blue, yellow, brown, orange Streak White Luster Vitreous (Non-metallic Glassy) Breakage: Rhombohedral cleavage Mohs Hardness 3 Diagnostic Properties Fizzes in aci
Quartz (Clear, Rose, Smokey, Milky, Citrine, Eisenkiesel, Amethyst) Group: Silicate (SiO2) Color: Virtually every color Streak: Colorless (harder than the streak plate) Luster: Vitreous (Glassy) Breakage: Fracture Crystal System: Hexagonal
Mica (Biotite & Muscovite) Group: Silicate KAl2(Si3AlO10)(OH)2 Color: Black, brown, silver or colorless Streak: White, often sheds tiny flakes Luster: Non-Metallic: Pearly to vitreous (Glassy) Breakage: Basal Cleavage Crystal System: Monoclinic Uses: Paint, plastics
Galena Group: Sulfide (PbS) Color: Bright silver Streak: Lead gray to black Luster: Metallic Crystal System: Isometric (Cubic or Octahedral) Uses: An ore of lead
Iron Pyrite (Fools Gold) Group: Sulfide (FeS2) Color: Brass yellow - often tarnished to dull brass Streak: Greenish black to brownish black Luster: Metallic Diaphaneity Opaque Crystal System: Isometric Uses: Ore of gold
Fluorite Group: Halide (CaF2) Color: Purple, green, yellow, colorless, blue, red, and black. Streak: White Luster: Vitreous (Glassy) Crystal System: Isometric Uses: Numerous uses in the metallurgical, ceramics, and chemical industries.
Halite Group: Halide (NaCl) Color: Colorless or white when pure; impurities produce any color but usually yellow, gray, black, brown, red Streak: White Luster: Vitreous (Glassy) Breakage: Cleavage Crystal System: Isometric Cubic
Gold Group: Native element (Au) Color: Gold yellow Streak: Gold yellow Luster: Metallic Breakage: Fracture Crystal System: Isometric Uses: Jewelry; coinage; currency, computers, circuits, appliances, cell phones, etc.; dental work; gilding
Sulfer Group: Native element (S) Color: Bright yellow Streak: Yellow/White Luster: Non-metallic Resinous Breakage: Fracture Diagnostic Properties: Yellow color, odor Crystal System: Orthorhombic Uses: Fertilizers, fungicides, gunpowder
Hematite Group: Oxide (Fe2O3) Color: Black to steel-gray to silver; reddish brown to black Streak: Reddish brown Luster: Metallic Breakage: Fracture Crystal System: Trigonal Uses The most important ore of iron.
Dolomite Group: Carbonate (CaMg(CO3)2) Color: Colorless, white, pink, green, gray, brown, black Streak: White Luster: Non-Metallic: Vitreous (glassy), pearly Cleavage: Rhombohedral Diagnostic Properties: Fizzes in Acid Crystal System: Hexagonal
Feldspar Group: Silicate Color: Pink, white, gray, brown Streak: White Breakage: Cleavage Luster: Vitreous (glassy)
Copper Group: NativeElement (Cu) Color: Dull black to red Streak: Metallic copper red/brown Luster: Metallic Breakage: Hackley Fracture Crystal System: Isometric Uses: Conducts electricity and heat; wiring, electrical contacts and circuits; coinage
Chalcopyrite Group: Sulfide (CuFeS2) Color: Brass yellow. Tarnishes to sometimes iridescent. Streak: Greenish black Luster: Metallic Breakage: Poor cleavage Crystal System: Tetragonal
Talc Group: Silicate (Mg3Si4O10) Color: Green, white, gray, brown, colorless Streak: White to pale green Luster: Non-Metallic Pearly Crystal System Monoclinic Uses: Ceramics, paint, paper, roofing, rubber, cosmetics
Barite Group: Sulfate BaSO4 Color: Colorless, white,nearly all colors Streak: White Luster: Non-Metallic: Vitreous (glassy) to pearly Breakage: Very good, basal cleavage; prismatic Crystal System: Orthorhombic Uses: Filler for paper, rubber, plastics
Bauxite Color White, gray, sometimes stained yellow, orange, red, pink, or brown by iron Streak: White, but iron stain can discolor Luster: Non-metallic dull, earthy Breakage: Fracture Uses Primary ore of aluminum
Cinnabar Group: Sulfide (HgS) Color: Bright red to brownish red, sometimes gray Streak: Red Breakage: Cleavage Prismatic Crystal System: Trigonal Uses The only important ore of mercury.
Corundum (Incl. Rubies, Sapphires) Group: Oxide Al2O3 Color: Colorless when pure, but trace amounts of various metals produce almost any color. Chromium = red (ruby) titanium = blue (sapphire). Streak: Colorless Luster: Adamantine to vitreous (glassy) Crystal System: Hexagonal
Garnet Group: Silicate Color: Red, orange, green, yellow, purple, black, blue or brown Streak: Colorless Luster: Non-Metallic Vitreous Breakage: Fracture Crystal System: Isometric (Cubic) Uses: Gemstones, Abrasives
Graphite Group: Native Element (C) Color: Gray to black Streak: Black Luster: Metallic, sometimes earthy Breakage: Basal Cleavage Crystal System: Hexagonal Uses: Battery anodes. A dry lubricant. The "lead" in pencils.
Gypsum Group: Sulfate CaSO4.2H2O Color: Clear, colorless, white, gray, yellow, red, brown Streak: White Luster: Vitreous, silky, sugary Breakage: Cleavage Crystal System: Monoclinic Uses: Dry wall, plaster, joint compound
Magnetite Group: Oxide Fe3O4 Color: Black to silvery gray Streak: Black Luster: Metallic Breakage: Fracture Diagnostic Properties: Strongly magnetic Uses: The most important ore of iron
Created by: MrGross
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