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cad12
stroke
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| neuron | basic structure and functional unot of the nervous system |
| axon | is specialized for the transmission of info away from the cell body to adjacent neurons |
| in the resting state all neurons possess a potential for action and are said to be | polarizes |
| does a strong stimulus give rise to larger action potential? | no |
| the presence of myelin causes nerve fibers to be called? | large fibers |
| larger fibers give a ______ conduction velocity | greater |
| transmission across a synapse is essienitially a ___________ process | chemical |
| chemicals allowing exitatory transmission are: | acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and seratonin |
| can nerve endings regenerate? | yes |
| Is passage of substances in the brain slower or faster in comparision to other body organs? | slower |
| The blood brain barrier inhibits | entry of plasma protein |
| aphasia | loss of language: comprehension, expression or both |
| dysarthria | lack of coordination of speech |
| ataxia | lack of coordination of movement |
| apraxia | inability to perform learned movements |
| astreognosis | inability to recognize object by touch |
| anosmia | loss of sense of smell |
| diplopia | double vision |
| babinski sign | toes extend up with plantar stimulation |
| nystagmus | jerking of eyes as they follow object |
| paraplegia | paralysis of LE |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of all extremeties |
| hemiplegia | paralysis of one side |
| in the elderly you will expect to find during the mental staus assessment | response time may be longer but other abilities will not have declined |
| 2 divisions of the nervous system | central and peripheral |
| which part of the brain is responsible for personality and the ability to understand? | frontal |
| which part of the brain is responsible for balance and coordination | cerebellum |
| which position would you place a pt for lumbar puncture? | lateral recumbant |
| What do the anterior arteries supply? | medial portion of the frontal lobe |
| The Romberg sign is assessed by having pt stand with feet __________? | together and eyes closed |
| stimultion of the sympathetic nervous system will | dialate pupils, increase HR, dialate bronchi |
| simple non-invasive procedure to detect skull fractures? | skull x-ray |
| nursing intervention for cerebral angiogram | assess site for hematoma and bleeding |
| contrindication for MRI | metal and pregnancy |
| when performing a sensory exam | test all 4 extremeties, avoid giving verbal clues, pt close eyes to avoid visual clues |
| which part of the brain is responsible for breathing, HR and reflexes? | brain stem |
| which part of the brain is responsible for speech, thinking, vision, complex movements | cerebral hemisphere |
| blood is supplied to the brain by which two main arteries? | internal carotid and vertebral |
| If clot is formed which artery is able to be cleaned out? | carotid (vertebral is too small) |
| brain's blood supply is protected by | cerebral autoregulation |
| what factors affect blood flow? | BP, CO,and blood viscosity/ arthrosclerosis |
| ischemic cascade happens in response to | ischemia |
| stroke (Also called brain attack) | sudden lose of brain funcyion caused by a disruption in blood flow. |
| causes of stroke | thrombosis, cerebral embolism, ischemia, cerebral hemorrhage- aneurysms |
| thrombosis | laying down plaque, non moving embolis |
| embolism | traveling clot |
| classification of stroke | ischemic and hemorrhagic |
| ischemic stroke | 85% of strokes, thrombolic or embolic |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 15% of strokes, intracranial or subarachnoid. break in vessel causing bleeding |
| the front of the brain controls | reasoning and ability to control emotions and personality. |
| left side controls | language, reading and writing |
| right side controls | spatial skills such as judging distance |
| brain stem controls | basic body functions (blood flow, breathing, swallowing) |
| left hemisphere damage produces | r sided weakness, aphasia, delayed thinking/processing, cofusion between l and r, compulsiveness or slowness |
| right hemisphere damage produces | l sided weaknessshort attention span/distractible, excessive talking, memory problems, time disorientation, loss of visual field, "neglect" things on the left, spontaneous emotional highs and lows, poor safety awareness |
| brain stem damage produces | coma or low level conciousness, unstable VS, N&V, Impaired swallowing, paralysis of both sides |
| cerebral thrombosis also known as cerebral arteriosclerosis | slowing of cerebral circulation causing a thrombos to develope |
| cerebral thrombosis S/S | dizziness, cognitive changes, seizure, transient loss of speech, hemiplegia or paresthesia of the face, arm, leg, trouble w/ vision, and walking problems (most symptoms appear gradually) |
| cerebral embolism | clot formation resukting from: an infection of the heart or pulmonary structures, a prosthetic valve, pacer failire, arrhythmias and cardioversion |
| cerebral ischemia | due to atheromatosis, causing constriction of the arteries. it may be temporary or permanent. |
| transient ischemia | TIA. warning sign to a stroke |
| transient ischemia S/S | loss of vision in one eye, hemiparseis, tinnitus, vertigo, confusion. reversible in hrs. |
| cerebral hemorrhage | bleed out in the brain. may occur outside the rbain in the extradural/epidural area in subarachnoid space( I.E. SKULL FRACTURE) may occur in the brain |
| cerebral hemorrhage S/S | usually rapid onset w/ severe HA with progression of neurologic deficit |
Created by:
gemjema
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