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Biology Ch. 2.3
Term | Definition |
---|---|
polar | describes a molecule with opposite charges on opposite ends |
hydrogen bond | the intermolecular force occurring when a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom of one molecule is attracted to two unshared electrons of another molecule |
cohesion | the force that holds molecules of a single material together |
adhesion | the attractive force between two bodies of different substances that are in contact with eachother |
capillarity | the attraction between molecules that result in in the rise of a liquid in a small tube |
solution | a homogeneous mixture throughout which two or more substances are uniformly dispersed |
solute | in a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent |
solvent | in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves |
concentration | the amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture, solution, or ore |
saturated solution | a solution that cannot dissolve any more solute under the given circumstances |
aqueous solution | a solution in which water is the solvent |
hydroxide ion | the OH- ion |
hydronium ion | an ion consisting of a proton combined with a molecule of water; H30+ |
acid | any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water; acids turn blue litmus paper red and react with bases and some metals to form salts |
base | any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water; bases turn red litmus paper blue and react with acids to form salts |
pH scale | a range of values that are used to express the acidity or alkalinity (basicity) of a system; each whole number on the scale indicates a tenfold change in acidity; a pH of 7 is neutral, a pH less than 7 is acidic, and pH of greater than 7 is basic |
buffer | a solution made from a weak acid and its conjugate base that neutralizes small amounts of acids or bases added to it |