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Biology Chapter 2.3
Biology Chapter 2.3 Terms and Definitions
Term | Definition |
---|---|
polar | describes a molecule with opposite charges on opposite ends |
hydrogen bond | the intermolecular force occurring when a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom of one molecule is attracted to two unshared electrons of another molecule |
cohesion | the force that holds molecules of a single material together |
adhesion | the attractive force between two bodies of different substances that are in contact with each other |
capillarity | the attraction between two molecules that results in the rise of a liquid in small tubes |
solution | a homogenus mixture throughout which two or more substances are uniformly dispersed |
solute | in a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent |
solvent | in a solution the substance in which the solute dissolves |
concentration | the amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture, solution, or ore |
saturated solution | a substance that cannot dissolve any more solute under the given conditions |
aqueous solution | a solution in which water is the solvent |
hydroxide ion | the OH- ion |
hydronium ion | an ion consisting of a proton combined with a molecule of water; H3O+ |
acid | any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water; acids turn blue litmus paper red and react with bases and some metal to form salts |
base | any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water, bases turn red litmus paper blue and react with acids to form salts |
pH scale | a range of values that are used to express the acidity or alkalinity (basically) of a system; each whole number on the scale indicates a tenfold change in acidity, a pH of 7 is neutral, a pH of less than 7 is acidic, and a pH of greater than 7 is basic |
buffer | a solution made from a weak acid and it's conjugate base that neutralizes small amounts of acids or bases added to it |