click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
unit 8 part two
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sidereal month | one complete revolution of the moon around the earth; 27 1/3 days |
| phases of the moon | changes in the amount of the illuminated surface of the moon as seen from the earth, cyclic over a 29 1/2 day period |
| synodic month | (lunar month) average time between successive new or full moons, 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes |
| spring tides | tides of maximum tidal range occurring at new and full moon phases |
| neap tides | tides of the smallest tidal range occurring at the quarter phases of the moon |
| umbra | completely dark portion of the shadow cast by the earth, moon, or the sun during an eclipse |
| penumbra | partial shadow cast by the earth, moon, or sun during an eclipse |
| lunar eclipse | when the moon passes into the shadow of the earth |
| solar eclipse | eclipse that occurs when the moons umbra reaches the earths surface |
| annular eclipse | eclipse that occurs when the moon is too far from the earth for the umbra of its shadow to reach the earth |
| solar system | orbiting system of the earth, planets, and moons with the sun as the center of revolution |
| geocentric model | early attempt to explain the motions of celestial objects using the earth as a stationary center for orbiting celestial objects |
| heliocentric model | modern attempt to explain the motions of celestial objects using the sun as the stationary center for the orbiting celestial objects and fixed star positions |
| epicycle | smaller secondary orbit off a main orbit |
| terrestrial planets | earth like, having rocky cores; including mercury, venus, earth, and mars |
| asteroid belt | numerous small celestial bodies that revolve around the sun |
| meteor | bright trail or streak that appears in the sky when a meteoroid is heated to incandescence by friction with the earths atmospheres |
| fireball | (bolide) appearing to be as a bright or brighter than the brightest planets |
| comet | celestial body, observed only in that part of its orbit that is relatively close to the sun |
| meteorite | stony or metallic mass of matter that has fallen to the earth's surface from outer space |
| nuclear fusion | when the high energy of atomic nuclei cause light elements come toghether to form heavier ones |
| h-r diagram | graph developed by hertzsprung and russel useful in comparing luminosity and temperature of the stars |
| sunspots | relatively cool dark spot appearing periodically on the surface of the sun in groups and are associated with strong magnetic fields |
| light speed | 300,000 km/sec |
| light year | unut of measurment equal to the distance light travels in one year; 10 trillion km |
| milky way galaxy | spiral assembly of stars, home to the sun and solar system |
| cluster | group of galaxies |
| spectroscope | used to study the light from celestial objects |
| spectral lines | lines corresponding to various wavelengths seen in an elements spectrum |
| doppler shift | apparent change in wavelength of light caused by relative motion of the source |
| hubble telescope | an American satellite based telescope used for deep space study; launched in 1990 |
| red shift | spectral lines move toward the red end of the spectrum from a celestial object moving away from the earth |