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Upper Limbs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What must be included in its entirety of a radiograph of a thumb? | the distal phalanx all the way to the base of the first metacarpal |
| What metacarpal matches up with the trapezium? | first MC |
| What metacarpal matches up with the trapezoid? | second MC |
| The third MC matches up with what carpal bone? | capitate |
| The hamate matches up with what metacarpals? | 4th and 5th |
| The scaphoid articulates with the ________ proximally? | radius |
| The scaphoid and the ________ articulate with the radius | lunate |
| What is best visualized on the carpal sulcus view? | pisiform and the hamulus process |
| Where do the radius and ulna articualte with each other? | proximal radioulnar joint and the distal radioulnar joint |
| ______ is a small depression on the medial aspect of the distal radius? | ulnar notch |
| What bone is directly involved in the wrist joint? | radius |
| What are the two beaklike processes of the proximal ulna called? | olecranon process and coronoid process |
| where does the radius cross over the ulna | upper forearm |
| Two shallow anterior depressions of the distal humerus are? | the coronoid fossa and the radial fossa |
| What is the posterior depression of the distal humerus called? | olecranon fossa |
| The displacement of a _______ may be the only indication of disease or injury or fx within a joint region | fat pad |
| Are fat pads difficult to see on a radiograph | yes |
| The scaphoid fat stripe is visualized on what views? | Pa and Oblique wrist |
| what fat stripe is seen on a lateral wrist? | pronator fat stripe |
| The important fat stripes of the elbow are only visualized on what position? | lateral |
| Which is more reliable to a radiologist? A posterior or anterior fat pad? | posterior |
| What fat tripe is used to indicate the diagnosis of nonobvious radial head or neck fxs. | supinator fat stripe |
| Exposure factors should be? | low to medium 50-70 |
| Long or short exposure time? | short |
| What size focal spot should be used? | small |
| Correctly exposed images of the upper limbs should demonstrate? | soft tissue margins and trabecular markings |
| With film, what screens should be used on hands? | detail |
| If the pt has a small to medium plaster cast, how should you adjust your technique? | increase mAs 50-60% OR kvp 5-7 |
| If the pt has a large plaster cast, how should you adjust your technique? | increse mAs 100% OR kvp 8-10 |
| If the pt has a fiberglass cast on, how should you adjust your technique? | increase mAs 25-30% OR kvp 3-4 |
| What is bursitis? | inflammation of the bursae enclosing the joints |
| What fx is the posterior lip of the distal radius? | Bartons |
| Fx of the base of the first metacarpal? | Bennetts |
| Fx of the 5th metacarpal? | Boxers |
| What is a Colles fx? | fx of the distal radius with posterior displacement |
| Fx of the distal radius with anterior displacement? | Smiths fx |
| A sprain or tear of the ulnar collateral ligaments? | Skier's thumb |
| What method would you do on a skiers thumb injury? | Folio method |
| What projection would you do for a bennetts fx? | roberts method |
| What is the angle for a roberts method? | 15 degrees proximal |
| The Norgaard method looks for? | rheumatoid arthritis |
| Altarnative to the PA wrist is the AP; what does this demonstrate? | intercarpal spaces and wrist joint |
| What is the CR angle for scaphoid view? | 10-15 degress proximal toward elbow |
| The alternative to a scaphoid view is? | the stetcher method? |
| The position for a stetcher method is? | hand elevated 20 degrees on sponge |
| Another name for Carpal canal? | Gaynor Hart method |
| The Gaynor Hart method CR should be? | 25-30 degrees tangential view |
| The carpal bridge CR angle should be? | 45 degrees tangential view |
| What does the external oblique of the elbow best demonstrate? | the radial head, neck, and the capitulum. |
| What does the internal oblique of the elbow best visualize? | coronoid process of ulna and trochlea in profile |
| A trauma axial lateral is called? | Coyle method |
| What is the angle of the CR for coyle method for the radial head view? | 45 degree toward shoulder |
| What is the anlge of the CR for the coyle method for the coronoid process? | 45 degree from shoulder |
| Acute flexion of the elbow is calleD? | Jones method |
| Trauma axial of the elbow is called? | Coyle method |
| The growth plates are called? | epiphyses |
| Where is a sprain located? | joints |
| Where is a strain located? | muscles |
| No bone seen through the skin? | closed fx |
| Occurs when the bone punctures the skin? | open fx |
| A right angle with the bone? | transverse fx |
| Incomplete fx extending from top of the bone, but not completely through? | Fissure |
| A 45 degree angle with the long axis of the bone is what type of fx? | oblique |
| This fx has a twisted appearane? | Spiral |
| A lengthwise break? | longitudinal |
| Bone fragment driven into another bone? | impacted fx |
| Bone is sheared away from the muscle | avulsion fx |
| Numerous fragments and crushed bone? | comminuted fx |
| A fx in two places? | double fx |
| A collapse of bone usually associated with vertebral bodies? | compression fx |
| Flat bones that are moved inward from blunt trauma? | depressed fx |
| Repetitive injury? | stress fx |
| This fx is often associated with tumors or osteoporosis | pathologic fx |
| Name the peds fxs? | greenstick, bowing, buckle (torus), salter |
| Incomplete fx usually because high collagen content | greenstick |
| A "plastic" fx | bowing |
| Epiphyseal plate fxs. | salter |
| The bulging of the periosteum? | Torus aka buckle fx |
| Falling on outstretched hands causes what type of fx? | Colles |
| It is star looking and comminuted | Stellate |
| What is dislocation? | joint out of place |
| What is the forward movement of bone on top of bone? | sublaxation |
| Also known as hangmans fx | sublaxation |
| What is open reduction? | surgery to repair fx |
| What is closed reduction? | manipulation of part to reduce fx. |
| Accumulation of fluid in the joing cavity? | joint effusion |
| An abnormality of the cartilage affecting long bones? | achondroplasia |
| Hereditary condition marked by abnormally dense bone? | osteopetrosis |
| most common type of primary malignant tumor occuring in the bone? | multiple myeloma |
| Narrowing of joing space with periosteal growths on the join margins? | osteoarthritis |
| Mixed areas of scerotic and cortical thickening along with radiolucent lesions? | osteopetrosis |
| Underdeveloped arms with trumpeting of the shafts of the long bones? | achondroplasia |
| For advanced Paget's disease decrease or increase tech? | + |
| For osteopetrosis do you increase or decrease tech? | + |
| What is the only difference among the four radial head lateral projections of the elbow? | rotional position of the hand and wrist |
Created by:
lilrebel22
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