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Geology Test #1

TermDefinition
Tectonic plate boundaries Where the majority of geologic activity occurs
Conservative Margin Little change in the rocks Ex. San Andreas
Archbishop Ussher First numeric age based on biblical genealogy
James Hutton Father of Scientific Geology Uniformitarianism
Divergent boundary Two tectonic plates are moving away from each other Ex: Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Covergent boundary Creates mountains Ex: Himalayas, Rockies
Conservative/Transform Grind past each other - causes an earthquake Ex: San Andreas fault
Uniformitarianism The present is the key to the past
The age of the earth 4.5 billion years old
Eon: Hadean When the earth was like hell Before a solid crust
Eon: Archean "Ancient Time"
Eon: Proterozoic "Pre-Life"
Eon: Phanerozoic Phan = visible
Era: Precambrian Before
Era: Paleozoic "Ancient life" Old, ancient fossils
Era: Mesozoic "Middle Life" Dinosaurs
Era: Cenozoic "Recent Life" The age of mammals
How did our moon form? Two things crashed together
The universe is composed of 3 things: 1. Empty space 2. Energy 3. Matter
Dmitri Mendeleev Organized the periodic table when only 56 elements were known
Alkali Group 1A; column 1 +1 charge
Alkaline Group 2A; column 2 +2 charge
Halogens Group 7A; column 17 -1 charge
Noble gases Group 8A; column 18 Have full outer electron shell
Ionic bonding One atom gives up its electron to the other atom in the compound
Covalent bonding Sharing of outer shell electrons (Group 4A is dominantly covalent bonds)
Minerals are... 1. Naturally occurring 2. Inorganic 3. Solids 4. That have an orderly internal arrangement of atoms (crystalline) 5. A definite chemical composition
Primary Diagnostic Properties of Minerals 1. Crystal form 2. Color 3. Luster 4. Streak 5. Hardness (Moh's) 6. Cleavage (fracture) 7. Heft 8. Acid reactivity 9. Response to a magnetic field
Created by: ana.wermager
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