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Ch. 2 review
review terms for chapter 2 test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| asthenosphere | the 'weak' sphere |
| equinox | equal hours of light and dark (vernal and autumnal) |
| density | mass/volume (for water it is 1 g/mL) |
| Moho | boundary b/t crust and mantle |
| IDL | 180 degree longitude (W side is 1 day ahead of E side) |
| perihelion | point when we are closest to the sun (occurs in January) |
| radius | half the distance across a sphere |
| interface | boundary between any two layers in the earth |
| revolution | equals one year (orbit) takes 365. 25 days |
| volume | amount of space occupied by an object |
| outer core | liquid iron and nickel |
| weight | effect of GRAVITY on mass |
| Polaris | currently the North Star in the Ursa Minor (Little Dipper) |
| diameter | distance across a sphere |
| equator | 0 degree latitude (gets direct sunrays on both equinoxes) |
| day | 23.934 hours = one rotation |
| longitude | lines running N to S but measure degrees E and W |
| oblate spheroid | the shape of the earth |
| atmosphere | the gas sphere (Nitrogen is most abundant) |
| hydrosphere | the water sphere (the ocean makes up the biggest amount) *about 3/4 of the Earth is covered with water *97% of all water on the Earth is found in oceans |
| aphelion | point when we are farthest from the sun (occurs in July) |
| circumference | full distance around a sphere |
| solstice | means sun stop...we have summer and winter |
| crust | thinnest layer...solid *oceanic is thinner and more dense *continental is thicker and less dense (floats on the oceanic crust) |
| Prime Meridian | 0 degree longitude (goes through Greenwich, England) |
| rotation | equals 1 day...23.934 hours |
| Tropic of Capricorn | 23.5 degree S latitude (gets direct sunrays on winter solstice) |
| precession | wobble on the Earth's axis (takes 26,000 years) |
| mass | amount of material in an object |
| poles | 90 degrees north and south latitude |
| gravity | a pull from within the center of a spinning mass |
| year | 365.25 days = one revolution |
| Tropic of Cancer | 23.5 degree N latitude (gets direct sunrays on summer solstice) |
| Eratosthenes | 2600 years ago calculated Earth's circumference |
| time zone | there are 24 standard |
| latitude | lines running E to W but measure degrees N and S of the equator |
| mantle | liquid-like...the layer with the most mass in the Earth |
| lithosphere | the 'rock' sphere |
| inner core | solid iron and nickel |
| hypothesis | educated guess ... 'if - then' statement |
| scientific notation | an educated estimate of a really big OR really small number (with x10 in the answer) |
| standard notation | writing out a number in its full form (example: 3450998 |
| metric system | base measurements in meters, liters, grams |
| metric pre-fixes | kilo-hecto-deka-base-deci-centi-milli- |
| observations | direct (using direct senses) VERSUS indirect (making inferences from data collected) |
| vernal equinox | first day of spring....occurs in March....equator gets direct sun...equal hours of day and night |
| autumnal equinox | first day of fall .... occurs in September... equator gets direct sun...equal hours of day and night |
| summer solstice | first day of summer...occurs in June....Tropic of Cancer gets direct sun...longest daylight hours in Northern hemisphere |
| winter solstice | first day of winter...occurs in December....Tropic of Capricorn gets direct sun...longest night hours in Northern hemisphere |
| Earth's axis | we are on a 23.5 degree tilt |
Created by:
tschafebook
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