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micro viroids
intro to viroids and prions 3/26
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| plant pathogens made up of short circular single stranded RNA not surrounded by protein coat | Viroids |
| non cellular hypotroph made up of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein coat | virus |
| a complete infective form of a virus as it exists outside of the host is called | virion |
| the sudy of viruses | virology |
| virus that infects bacteria is called | bacteriophage |
| virus that infects E. coli is called | coliphage |
| animal viruses enter their hosts via | endocytosis |
| before the animal virus genome is activated the protein capside is removed by a process called | uncoating |
| a diploid single stranded RNA type virus known as a retrovirus | Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
| How is Human Immunodeficincy Virus a retrovirus | it has the ability to reverse transcribe the info of it's viral genome from RNA to DNA |
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus primary targets | T4 lymphocytes |
| after the virus nucleocapsid enter the host the capsid is removed by a process called | uncoating |
| __ enzyme of HIV caused viral RNA to be reverse transcribed into DNA | reverse transcriptase (RNA dependent DNA polymerase) |
| In HIV the DNA can become integrated into the chromosome of host to form a | provirus |
| integration of viral DNA into host chromosome requires the enzyme ___ | integrase |
| HIV exit the host cell by | budding |
| what causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome | loss of helper T lymphocytes and imbalance within the immune system leaving host subject to infection of many pathogens |
| double stranded DNA viruses with nyucleocapsideds and envelopes. Has the tendency to go into latent stage following primary infection and reactivate at later times. | Herpesviruses (Herpesviridae) |
| cold sores (fever blisters) and genital that can cross infect | Human herpesvirus 1 and 2 (Simplexvirus)-Herpes labialis and genitalis- |
| caused chickenpox and shingles (zoster) | Human herpesvirus 3 (Varicellovirus)-Varicella-zoster virus- |
| an acute infectious disesase characterized by a maculopapular rash, fever, and respiratory Sx | Measeles (Morbillivirus) Rubeola virus |
| an acute contagious disease characterized by enlargement of salivary glands or glandular tissues | Mumps (Rubulavirus) |
| an acute illness- rash, mild fever, and sore throat. Serious to pregnat women causesin to abnormalities of the ear, eye, heat and nervouse system. | German Measles (Rubivirus) Rubella virus |
| a disease commonly associated with aging people and heritable changes in a cells genetic material | cancer |
| different types of viruses serve as cofactors or cocarcinogens in the development of ___ in humans | tumors |
| segments of DNA that are important players in cancer development | oncogenes |
| ___ serve as potential components involved in the conversion of normal cells into cancer cells | oncogenes |
| ___ are normal cellular genes that can give rise to cellular or retroviral oncognes | proto oncogenes |
| genes avle to prevent the conversion of normal cells into tumor cells are | tumor suppressor genes |
| viruses have been shown to alter cells through a process called | transformation |
| viruses capable of inducing tumor formation in animals are | oncogenic viruses |
| __ of a virus can be either DNA or RNA (double or single stranded) | nucleic acid core or genome |
| viruses with double stranded RNA the strands are __ and __ | complimentary and antiparallel |
| protein coat surrounding nucleic acid core of a virus | capsid |
| capsid is made up of units called | capsomers |
| capsomers are made up of protein complexes called | protomers |
| many viral capsids are ___ that are spherical in shape | polyhedrons |
| some viruses have an __ outside their protein capsid | envelope |
| capsid and nucleic acide core together are called | necleocapsid |
| ___ are attached to the nucleocapsid | tail assembly |
| 2 groups of Bacteriophages are | cytolytic and temperate bacteriophages |
| __ causes cell lysis | cytolytic bacteriophage |
| __ does not kill its host right away and may become a prohage | temperate bacteriophage |
| the life cycle starts with a __ outside the cell | virion |
| the binding of a virus to a cells surface is called | adsorption |
| __ involves interaction between the tail fibers and receptors on the host cell surface | adsorption |
| the viral nucleic acid core enters the host cells during | penetration |
| During __ the nucleic acid core enters the host cell | penetration |
| viral nucleic acid is transcribed and translated during | latent period or eclipse phase |
| viral genome is transcribed in 3 parts: | immediate early phage genes, delayed arly phage genes, and late phage genes |
| __ genes encode enzymes that transcribe viral genes and chop up host cells DNA | immediate early phage genes |
| __genes encode enzymes used to replicate the viral genome | delayed early phage genes |
| __ genes encode the proteins needed to build the viral capsid and tail assembly | late phage genes |
| during __ phase the viral components are assembled to form new virons | assembly or maturation |
| proteins that assist in assembling new virions are called | chaperonins |
| __ phase the cell is lysed as viral enzymes soften cell wall and new virions are released | release or liberation |
| temperate phages 2 aka's | avirulent or asymptomatic phages |
| ___ is a temperate phage that can become a prophage and also revert to a lytic life cycle | bacteriophage lambda |
| __ gene of Bacteriophage lambda codes for a repressor protein that can block transcription of viral lytic genes | cI gene |
| RecA gene of E. coli codes for __ | proteolytic enzyme |
| __ catalyses the cleavage and inactivation of the cI repressor protein | proteolytic enzyme |
| RecA gene is activated with E. coli cells are in __ conditions | stressful |
| __ occurs when a temperate page genome establishes a stable non lytic relationship with host cell | Lysogeny |
| a bacterium that is carrying a prohage is called a | lysogenic cell |
| the phenotype of bacteria is influenced by the expression of the viral genes | lysogenic conversion or bacteriophage conversion |
Created by:
JohnPink
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