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McC TAKS Objective 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Dominant Trait | observed trait of an organism that mask the recessive form of a trait; these alleles show their effect on the phenotype whenever they are present in the genotype |
| Recessive Trait | trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait |
| Phenotype | a combination of the organism's genetic makeup and the environment's effect on that makeup; physical appearance |
| Pedigree | the descendants of one individual |
| Homeostasis/Equilibrium | The ability of a system or living organism to adjust its internal environment to maintain a stable equilibrium |
| Negative Feedback | a mechanism of the endocrine system that chemically corrects an imbalance; called “negative feedback” because when the level of the imbalance decreases, the feedback stops the correcting effects |
| System Levels (organization) | KPCOFGS King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti (mnemonic for taxonomy order: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species) |
| Animal Cell | organisms whose cells are organized into complex structures enclosed within cell membranes: can not make their own food |
| Plant Cell | a cell that is a structural and functional unit of a plant, is enclosed within a cell wall and can make its own food |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and some viruses |
| Photosynthesis | a process in which organisms, with the aid of chlorophyll (green plant enzyme), convert carbon dioxide and inorganic substances into oxygen and additional plant material, using sunlight for energy |
| Ecological Succession | Process in which communities of plant and animal species in a particular area are replaced over time by a series of different communities |
| Autotroph | An organism that makes its own food (as in plants) |
| Heterotroph | Describes an organism that obtains its energy through consuming other organisms |
| Carrying Capacity | Maximum number of individuals of a given species that the enviorment will support. |
| Pollutant | Any substance that contaminates the enviorment. |
| Enzyme | A protein that helps chemical reactions in organisms occur more quickly. |
| Recycle | Conservation method in which materials are used again. |
| Nonpoint Source Pollution | Pollution that enters water from a large area and cannot be traced to a single location. |
| Point Source Pollution | Pollution that enters water from a specific location and can be contolled or treated before it enters a body of water. |
| Pesticides | Substance that is used to keep insects and weeds from destroying crops and lawns. |
| Fertilizer | Chemical that helps plants and other organisms grow. |
| Acid Rain | Acidic moisture, with a pH below a 5.6, that falls to Earth as rain of snow and can damage forests, harm organisms, and corrode structures. |
| pH Scale | Scale that is used to measure how acidic or basic something is. |
| Sewage | Water that goes into drains and contains human waste, household detergents, and soaps. |
| Evolution | Change in the genetics of a species over time. |
| Natural Selection | Process by which organisms that are suited to a particular enviorment are better able to survive and reproduce than organisms that are not. |
| Mutation | Process that changes DNA to form new alleles. |
| Adaptive Radiation | Production of several species from ancestral species. |
| Extinction | Occurs when the last member of a species dies; causes a loss of diversity among living things. |
| Organic | carbon based life form - is alive or was once alive |
| Inorganic | relating or belonging to the class of compounds not having a carbon basis |
| Succession | the rebuilding of populations in a community or ecosystem that has been changed |
| pollutant | any substance that contaminates the environment |
| producers | make their own food - grass, trees |
| consumers | feeds on other living organisms; can't make their own food - deer eat grass; hawk eats snake |
| decomposers | any organism that feeds off of decomposing organic material. Especially bacterium or fungi |
| ecosystems | a community of organisms and where the organisms live |
Created by:
MCJH
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