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Ch. 6
Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Eosinophils | Defend against parasites; degrade vasoactive substances released by mast cells |
| Mast cells | Release chemicals that initiate the inflammatory response (histamine) |
| Natural Killer (NK) Cells | Eliminate virus-infected cells |
| Macrophages | Phagocytize microorganisms and cellular debris; secrete chemicals that promote tissue healing; activate adaptive immunity |
| Neutrophils | Phagocytize microorganisms and cellular debris soon after injury; secrete chemicals that call in longer-acting phagocytes |
| Fibrinous exudate | Thick and clotted; indicate more advanced inflammation |
| Purulent exudate | also knows as suppurative; containing many white blood cells and indicating bacterial infection (pus) |
| Hemorrhagic exudate | Containing many red blood cells indicating bleeding |
| Serous exudate | Watery, with few proteins or cells; indicates early inflammation |
| Innate immunity | nonspecific first line of defense; physical and biochemical barriers |
| Adaptive immunity | also known as acquired immunity is specific, meaning one cell will defend against only one particular antigen |
| Complement system | produce biologically active fragments that recruit phagocytes, activate mast cells, and destroy pathogens; activate cascade |
| Coagulation (clotting) system | forms a fibrinous meshwork at an injured or inflammed site |
| Kinin system | functions to activate and assist inflammatory cells; |
| Opsonins | mark antigen for destruction by innate immune cells |
| Chemotactic factor | attracts leukocyte to inflammation cite |
| Anaphylatoxins | induce mast cell degranulation (C3, C4, C5) produced as part of the activation of complement system |
| Classical pathway | activated by proteins of the adaptive immune system (antibodies) bound to their specific targets (antigen) |
| Lectin pathway | activated by mannose-containing bacterial carbohydrates (MBL) |
| Alternative pathway | activated by gram-negative bacterial and fungal cell wall polysacchrides |
| Fibrin | end product of coagulation cascade; protein involved in clotting of the blood |
| Bradykinin | an inflammatory mediator that cause dilation of blood vessels, pain, and smooth muscle contraction, an increasing vascular permeability. the primary kinin in its system; |
| Cytokines | responsible for activating other cells and regulating inflammatory response |
| Chemokines | induce chemotaxis to attract WBCs to cite of infection and promote phagocytosis and wound healing |
| Interleukins | produced primarily by macrophages and lymphocytes in response to stimulation of pattern recognition receptors or by other cytokines |
| Interferon | protects against viral infection by preventing them from infecting other healthy cell; |
| Degranulation | chemical release of the contents of mast cell granules; immediate response |
| Synthesis | the new production and release of mediators in response to a stimulus; long term response |
| Histamine | vasoactive amine that is produced as part of a local immune response to cause inflammation |
| Platelets | also known as thrombocytes; activation lead to interaction with coagulation cascade to stop bleeding |
| Neutrophils | predominate in early inflammatory responses (6-10 days after injury); |
| Eosinophils | defense against parasites and regulation of vascular mediators |
| Basophils | associated with asthma and allergies with same function as mast cells |
| Phagocytosis | process by which a cell ingests and disposes of foreign material |
| Margination | known as pavementing; adherence of leukocytes to endothelial cells |
| Diapedesis | emigration of cells through the endothelial junctions |
| Resolution | returning injured tissue to the original structure and function |
| Repair | replacement of destroyed tissue with scar tissue |
| Scar tissue | composed primarily of collagen to restore the strength of the tissue but not its function |
| Primary intention | wounds that heal under conditions of minimal tissue loss |
| Secondary intention | wounds that require a great deal more tissue replacement ie. open wound |
Created by:
dpenaga
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