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Ch4
Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Apoptosis | Cell death that involves orderly dismantling of cell components and packaging the remainders in vesicles |
| Free Radical | An atom or group of atoms having an unpaired electron |
| Livor Mortis | Purple discoloration of dependent tissues after death |
| Liquefactive necrosis | Area of cell death in which cells are digested by their own enzymes, becoming soft and runny; neurons and glial cell of brain |
| Rigor Mortis | Stiffening of skeletal muscles after death |
| Coagulative necrosis | Area of cell death in which denatured proteins appear firm and opaque; kidneys, heart, and adrenal glands |
| Autophagy | A type of cellular housekeeping in which a cell digests some of its own component; contributes to the aging process |
| Caseous necrosis | Area of cell death in which dead cells disintegrate, but the debris is not digested completely by enzymes; TB pulmonary infection |
| Adaptation | reversible structural or functional response to change (physiological OR pathological) |
| Atrophy | Decrease in cell size Physiologic- occurs in early development Pathologic- results from decrease in workload, use, and stimulation |
| Hypertrophy | Increase in cell size Physiologic- response to heavy work (ie excercise) Pathologic- ie. enlarged cardiac muscle of left ventricle |
| Hyperplasia | Increase in cell number and rate of cellular division Physiologic- Regenerate (compensatory) or hormonal (ie. uterus) Pathologic- abnormal proliferation of normal cell |
| Metaplasia | Reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less mature cell type |
| Dysplasia | Deranged cellular growth; is not a true cellular adaptation but rather an atypical hyperplasia |
| Hypoxia | Lack of sufficient oxygen; most common cause of cellular injury |
| Ischemia | Reduced blood supply caused by narrow arteries and blockage by blood clots; most common cause of hypoxia |
| Anoxia | Sudden complete block, no time for cellular adaptation |
| Reactive oxygen species | Unstable molecule that contains oxygen |
| Necrosis | Cellular death by severe swelling and breakdown of organelles |
| Apoptosis | Programmed cell death; self-destruction |
| Reperfusion injury | Additional injury when oxygen is restored |
| Xenobiotics | Foreign objects |
| Suffocation | Oxygen fails to reach the blood |
| Strangulation | Closure of blood vessel and air passage from external pressure on neck |
| Chemical asphyxiants | Prevent oxygen to the tissues and block its use |
| Hemoproteins | Combination of hemoglobin and cytochrome; accumulative by excess iron |
| Bilirubin | Yellow-green bile pigment |
| Dystrophic | Dead tissue in chronic tuberculosis in lungs |
| Metastatic | Mineral deposit in normal tissue resulted from excess calcium |
| Gangrenous Necrosis | Death of tissue from severe hypoxic injury mostly result from artery blockage in lower leg; dry gangrene is black wrinkles vs wet gangrene swells up black and creates foul pus odor |
| Algor Mortis | Rate at which body temperature decrease and cools down after death |
| Postmortem Autolysis | After the somatic death of an organism, the final stage of death is the breakdown and decay of the organism |
Created by:
dpenaga
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