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Environmental Scienc
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Albedo | the proportion of the incident light or radiation that is reflected by a surface, typically that of a planet or moon. |
| Archaea Bacteria | microorganisms that are similar to bacteria in size and simplicity of structure but radically different in molecular organization. They are now believed to constitute an ancient intermediate group between the bacteria and eukaryotes. |
| Cambrian Explosion | The Cambrian explosion, or less commonly Cambrian radiation, was the relatively short evolutionary event, beginning around 542 million years ago in the Cambrian period, during which most major animal phyla appeared, as indicated by the fossil record. |
| Cyanobacteria | Cyanobacteria /saɪˌænoʊbækˈtɪəriə/, also known as Cyanophyta, is a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis. The name "cyanobacteria" comes from the color of the bacteria (Greek: κυανός (kyanós) = blue). |
| Eukaryotes | an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus. Eukaryotes include all living organisms other than the eubacteria and archaebacteria. |
| Extremophiles | a microorganism, especially an archaean, that lives in conditions of extreme temperature, acidity, alkalinity, or chemical concentration. |
| Geochemical Cycling | In Earth science, a geochemical cycle is the pathway that chemical elements take in the surface and crust of the Earth. The term "geochemical" tells us that geological and chemical factors are all included. |
| Heterotrophs | an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances. |
| Oxidation | the process or result of oxidizing or being oxidized. |
| Phylum | a principal taxonomic category that ranks above class and below kingdom. |
| Plate Techtonic | a theory explaining the structure of the earth's crust and many associated phenomena as resulting from the interaction of rigid lithospheric plates that move slowly over the underlying mantle. |
| Prokaryotes | a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles. Prokaryotes include the bacteria and cyanobacteria. |
| Radiometric Dating | a method of dating geological or archeological specimens by determining the relative proportions of particular radioactive isotopes present in a sample. |
| Snowball Earth | The Snowball Earth hypothesis proposes that Earth's surface became entirely or nearly entirely frozen at least once, sometime earlier than 650 Mya (million years ago). |
| Stratigraphic | Stratigraphy is a branch of geology which studies rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks. |
| Carbon Cycling | the series of processes by which carbon compounds are interconverted in the environment, chiefly involving the incorporation of carbon dioxide into living tissue by photosynthesis and its return to the atmosphere. |
| Diversification | Diversification is a risk management technique that mixes a wide variety of investments within a portfolio. |
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