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chem and biochem ap
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the four types of macromolecules | protein, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, lipid |
| Name the two categories of lipids | triglyceride, steroid |
| What is the backbone molecule of a triglyceride? | glycerol |
| What are two amphipathic molecules we discussed? | soap, phospholipid |
| What is on the end of the cholesterol molecule that makes the very tip of this very nonpolar molecule, have a polar spot | OH |
| How many polypeptides in catalase, antibody, and hemoglobin molecules? | four |
| What level of protein structure involves hydrogen bonding creating alpha helices and beta sheets? | secondary level |
| What bonds are important in primary level of structure in proteins? | peptide |
| which level of protein structure involves the order of the amino acids? | primary |
| What portion of the amino acid is unique for each amino acid? | R group |
| What two parts of an amino acid combine to form a peptide bond and water molecule? | OH from caboxyl group and H from amino group of second amino acid |
| What is different between saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids? | saturated fatty acids are all single bonds |
| What two atoms make up almost all of a fatty acid? | C and H |
| What is the formula for a disaccharide made two glucoses? | C12H22O11, remember deh. synthesis, water released |
| What are two atoms of the same element varying in neutrons? | isotopes |
| What must happen to an atom to become a cation? | lose an electron, positive ion |
| What are three molecules that can bind to hemoglobin besides nitrous oxide? | CO, CO2, O2 |
| What is the y axis of an oxygen dissociation curve? | % saturation (usually hemoglobin) |
| What are the two purines? | A and G |
| How many rings in cytosine nitrogen base? | one: pyrimidine |
| What is the oxygen binding molecule in the muscle? | myoglobin |
| What does ATP become when broken? | ADP + P (energy released) |
| What is the most common buffering molecule in the ocean? | bicarbonate ion |
| What is the formula for bicarbonate? | HCO3- |
| What is the pH of rain water? | 5.6 |
| What is an immunoglobulin? | antibody |
| What is the shape of an immunoglobulin? | Y |
| What type of macromolecule is ATP? | nucleic acid: adenosine nucleotid with two extra Phosphates |
| What macromolecule has N rings? | nucleic acid |
| What part of an amino acid bond to the carboxyl group? | amino group |
| Each car on a train had different cargo, what part of an amino acid is analogous to the cargo? | R group: only part that is different: amino group and carboxyl groups allow for the train cars to hook together. |
| How many atoms in 2 molecules of glucose? | 48: 12 C, 24, H, 12 O |
| What ending indicates a molecule is a sugar? | ose |
| What ending indicates a molecule is an enzyme? | ase |
| What atoms make up waxes? | C and H: nonpolar |
| What type of bond has atoms of equal electronegativity sharing electrons? | nonpolar covalent |
| What intermolecular bond explains cohesion of water? | hydrogen bonding |
| What characteristic due to H bonding leads to a belly flop hurting? | surface tension: too many H bonds at once |
| What characteristic of water allows for the ocean to change temperature slowly? | high specific heat value |
| What characteristic of water allows for evaporation of sweat to keep us cool? | high heat of vaporization |
| What is the combination of adhesion and cohesion that can move water up thin polar tubes a small distance? | capillary action |
| What two characteristics combine to move water up a tree? | transpiration/cohesion |
| Why is there always one purine with one pyrimidine in the DNA molecule? | Same number of rings leads to equal width of double helix. Purine 2 rings, pyrimidine 1, always three total. |
| Why did ice cold water heat up faster than water with ice in it? | Energy applied to water with ice was used to melt ice instead of speeding up molecules.: heat of fusion. |
| What force eventually causes water on a penny to spill over? | gravity of the water |
| Why did pepper sink in the demo in class? | more dense than water |
| Name the four polysaccharides and which two are in plants. | glycogen, chitin, cellulose, starch: last two in plants |
| What is cellulose made of? | glucose molecules |
| How many amino acids are there in human proteins? | 20 |
| What bonding causes alpha helix? | hydrogen bonding |
| What is the term that when one oxygen binds to hemoglobin, the other three binding spots become more accessible? | cooperativity |
| When something bind to a protein to make it functional, what is this? | activation |
| When something binds to a protein to make in nonfunctional or less functional, what is this? | inhibition |
| When environmental conditions change causing a protein to change it shape to be nonfunctional? | denaturation |
| What is the term for molecules that bind to an enzyme to improve its function? | cofactors/minerals and vitamins |
| Assist proteins in their folding up | chaperone proteins |
| bonds away from the binding site to change function of protein to be better or worse, what is this? | allosteric |
| another word for shape of protein | conformation |
| insulin is what type of macromolecule? | protein |
| What is true of essential amino acids? | need them in our diet, as nonessential are made by body |
| What is true of complete proteins vs incomplete proteins? | Complete has all of the essential amino acids |
| IF 20% of DNA sample is G, what % is T? | 30% C and G would both be 20% then 60% remaining split between A and T. |
| What is albumin? | egg white protein |
| What mineral holds catalase together? | iron |
| What does catalase break down? | hydrogen peroxide |
| What part of the water molecule is positively charged? | hydrogon atoms |
| What steroid is a plant pigment? | chlorophyll: absorbs light energy |
| What part of the phospholipid is nonpolar? | two fatty acid tails |
| What happens to the H+ concentration if the pH drops by 3? | 1000 X as concentrated |
| What happens to the H+ concentration when NaOH is added to water? | Goes down as OH- bond to H+ and remove them |
| What happens to H+ concentration when carbon dioxide concentration goes up? | H+ goes up, pH goes down, acidic |
| What color indicator turned yellow in the blowing CO2 into water demo? | bromothymol blue |
| The bohr effect is a change in the oxygen dissociation curve of hemoglobin based on what environmental change? | drop in pH |
| What two environmental conditions lead working muscles to have their hemoglobin molecules let go of oxygen more easily? | low pH (lactic acid/bohr effect) and decreased O2 levels |
Created by:
whames4