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Chapter 13 Hunsicker
Frontiers of Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Biotechnology | Biomanipulating organisms to perform practical tasks for humans |
| Genetic Engineering | Technology: Creates R-bacteria w/restriction enzymes & plasmid transfer |
| Conjugation | Transfer of DNA (donor to recipient) through Sex Pillus |
| Transformation | Uptake of naked foreign DNA by host bacterium (no bridge or virus) |
| Transduction | Transfer of foreign DNA by a viral vector |
| Griffith (1928) | Microbiologist who first discovered Transformation (used mice) |
| Recombinant DNA | DNA from two different organisms spliced together |
| Plasmid | Extrachromosomal, circular piece of DNA in bacteria (survival) |
| Plasmid Chimera | Name for plasmid with foreign DNA spliced into it |
| Restriction enzymes (1971) | Bacterial enzymes prevent phage DNA from replicating (Key to genetic engineering) |
| Palindrome | Restiction site; Complimentary BPs run un reverse (5-6 BP in length) |
| Sticky ends | Restriction enzymes cut in ways that leave exposed single strands |
| DNA ligase | Enzyme that joins sticky ends by complementary base pairings |
| Genomic Library | Complete collection of cloned DNA fragments from an organism |
| GMO | Genetically modified organism w/ new artificial genes (pest/ herb. resistant) |
| Transgenetic | Organisms (cow/pig) carrying specific genes from another species |
| Agrobacterium tumfaciens | Plant bacterium; causes "tumors"; R-plasmid used to inject desired gene |
| Antibiotic Resistance | Characteristics used to assess uptake if Recombinant plasmid w/desired gene |
| Gene cloning | Duplication of identical genes in bacteria (thru plasmid) |
| Animal Cloning | Identical Animal created from donor nuclei replacing host enucleated egg |
| Engineered Vaccine | Viral gene cloned in yeast cells, thus mass produced viral antigens |
| Vehicle | Sometimes called a vector; carriers foreign DNA into host |
| Foreign DNA | Carries desired genes (called "passenger"; it replicates in host cell |
| PCR | Technique: Mass produces small DNA pieces in test tube |
| Gel Electrophoresis | Technique: Separates DNA fragments (RFLPS) by length (#BPs) |
| Gene Therapy | Restriction site; complementary BPs run in reverse (5-6 BP in length) |
| DNA Fingerprinting | Technique: Uses RFLPs; most associated with forensics (solving crimes) |
| Autoradiograph | Exposing Electrophoretic Markers to X-Ray film => banding pattern |
| Nucleic Acid Probe | Complementary radioactivity labeled DNA use to probe desired gene |
| E. coli | Primary bacrerium used in Genetic Engineering |
Created by:
loveabeth
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