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Animal Physiology
Exam 1: Chapter 1
| Animal Physiology | "how animals work"; integrative; fundamental biology of animals |
| Mechanisms (ex. Firefly light) | components of organisms that enable performance; main physiological goal |
| Natural Selection | *increase gene frequency that produces phenotypes to survival *changes in alleles (genes); changes in evolution |
| Adaptiation | physiological mechanism; product of evolution; aid in survival and reproduction |
| Adaptive Significance | Why natural selection occurs |
| Mechanistic Phyisology | emphasizes mechanisms; Proximate causation |
| Evolutionary Phyisology | emphasizes evolutionary origins and changes of physiology |
| Comparitive Phyisology | compares synthetic functions between animals; comparison of different taxa groups to help solve problems |
| Environmental Phyisology | how animals respond physiologically to environment; response to ecological conditions |
| Integrative Phyisology | uses all levels of biology to compare |
| Type of Study: First Level | descriptive (not observational); may be quantitative or qualitative |
| Type of Study: Second Level | correlative study- relation of events, proper design controls for basis of collection, NO cause and effect |
| Type of Study: Third Level | manipulative- experiment with treatment and controls, proper design controls for basis of collection, cause and effect determined |
| Type of Study: Fourth Level | synthesis- smaller puzzles into bigger picture, model how things work |
| Proximate causation | reflection of mechanisms; how questions, "how it works" |
| Ultimate causation | reflection of origin; evolutionary reason, "why it works" ex. ice cream "yummy" vs efficient food source |
| Adaptation ** review** | adjustment of population due to genes x environment, no longer assumed it has to be measured (ex. caterpillar: food vs growth) |
| Homeostasis | *internal consistancy *critical for proper function; conformity and regulation (ex. homeotherms- thermoregulators) |
| What's an example of mixed conformity and regulation? | Salmon: body conforms to river temperatures and regulates chlorine levels |
| Oxyconformers **review | hypoxic environments; increase ventilation rate and slow down metabolism (ex. trout) |
| Oxyregulators **review | no hypoxic conditions; low oxygen can resu;t in death (ex. mahi mahi) |
| Negative Feedback | the act of regulating a system to keep it constant; a systems response to change in the variable back towards its set point |
| controlled variable | property being kept constant by a systems activity |
| Set point | level at which the control variable is kept |
| Feedback | occurs if the system uses into on the controlled variable to go into action |
| Feedback Time Frame: Actue | exhibit during first few miutes or hours of change from external environment; short term; reversible change |
| Feedback Time Frame: Chronic | due to prolonged exposure of external environmenat; days or weeks; reversible |
| Feedback Time Frame: Evolutionary | between generations; alteration of gene frequencies; affects populations |
| Feedback Time Frame: Developmental Change | change in physiology from child to adult; genes programmed to be expressed at certain stages of development |
| Feedback Time Frame: Control by Periodic | Biological clock |
| Acclimation | chronic response to a changed environment |
| Acclimization | chronic response of individuals to a changed environment |
| Homeostasis, Regulation, and Conformity are types of.... | Responses |
| Regulation | Allows cells to fxn in a steady condition, not affected by external environment; costly in energy |
| Conformity | cells within body change when outside conditions change |
Created by:
aalvarez239
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