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Ch 1 and Atlas A
Homeostasis and Anatomical terminology
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Homeostasis | The body's ability to detect change and activate mechanisms that oppose it thereby maintaining stable internal conditions |
Negative feedback | Process by which body senses a change and activates mechanisms that negate or reverse it |
Stimulus | Change from a set point |
Afferent pathway | Neurons carrying information towards the central nervous system |
Efferent pathway | Neurons carrying information away from the central nervous system |
Sensor/receptor | Tthat senses a change in the body |
Integrating/control center | Processes information and "makes a decision" about what the appropriate response should be |
Effector | Cell or organ that carries out the action to return the body to its set point |
Positive feedback | A physiological change leads to a greater change in the same direction |
Sagittal plane | Divides body or organ into right and left portions |
Midsagittal plane | Divides the body or organ into equal right and left halves |
Frontal/coronal plane | Divides the body or organ into front/back portions |
Transverse plane | Divides the body or organ into upper and lower portions. |
Ventral | Towards the front or belly |
Dorsal | Towards the back or spine |
Anterior | Toward the ventral or front side |
Posterior | Toward the dorsal or back side |
Superior | Towards the head |
Inferior | Towards the tail |
Medial | Towards the middle of the body or medial plane |
Lateral | Away from the middle of the body or medial plane |
Proximal | Closer to the point of attachment |
Distal | Further from the point of attachment |
Superficial | Closer to the body surface |
Deep | Farther from the body surface |
Cranial cavity | Cavity within the skull and contains the brain |
Meninges | Membranes around the brain |
Vertebral canal | Contains the spinal cord within the vertebrae |
Thoracic cavity | Cavity containing the lungs found within the rib cage |
Mediastinum | Region between the lungs containing the heart, esophagus, and trachea |
Pericardium | Membrane around the heart |
Visceral pericardium | Inner layer of pericardium forming the surface of the heart |
Parietal pericardium | Outer membrane layer around the heart |
Pleural membrane | Membrane around the lungs |
Visceral pleura | Membrane that forms external surface of lungs |
Parietal pleura | Lines the inside of the rib cage |
Abdominal cavity | Cavity containing most of the digestive organs |
Pelvic cavity | Located within the hip bones |
Peritoneum | Membranes within the abdominopelvic cavitity |
Parietal peritoneum | Lines the abdominalpelvic cavity walls |
Visceral peritoneum | Suspend and surround organs such the small intestine within the abdominal cavity |