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Earthquakes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| earthquake | A sudden and violent shaking of the ground caused by earth's tectonic plates moving around |
| crust | The harder outer layer of earth |
| fault | a fracture along the crust |
| mantle | A substance made up of molten lava and magma |
| lithosphere | the rigid outer part of earth the top part of mantle and crust |
| lithosphere plates | the region of earths crust |
| seismoloigists | scientists that study earthquakes |
| Divergent | A tectonic boundary where plates are moving away from each other. |
| convergent | a tectonic boundary where plates are pushing up against each other. |
| transform | a tectonic boundary where plates slide past each other |
| Seismology | The study of earthquakes |
| seismigraph | something that records and detects earthquakes |
| aftershock | a smaller earthquake that comes after the first one that could maybe come hours, days or even sometimes months after. |
| liquifaction | when soil loses it's strength or becomes liquid |
| tsunami | a big wave caused by seismic waves at the bottom of the ocean |
| magnitude | the largeness of the earthquake |
| moment magnitude scale | a scale that measures the size of and amount of damage that the E.Q did at that moment. |
| The Richter Scale | A numerical scale that tells you the magnitude of an earthquake. |
| Mercalli Scales | something to measure the intensity of an earthquake |
| Epicenter | The epicenter is right above the focus where the earthquake happened |
| focus | the location of the earthquake |
| surface wave | The strongest wave of an earthquake |
| convection | the movement caused by a fluid under the earth's surface |
| s-wave | a seismic wave that shakes the ground back and forth |
| subduction | sideways and downward movement |
| compression | the stress that squeezes something |
| tension | The stress that tends to pull rock apart |
| Plateau | A relatively high part of land |
| shearing | the force causing deformation by slippage along a plane |
| normal fault | A fault in which a hanging wall is moving downward |
| Reverse Fault | A fault in which a hanging wall has moved upward |