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Pharm

Antibacterial drugs

QuestionAnswer
Classification of antibacterial drugs -chemical or therapeutic properties (aminoglycosides, B-lactams, sulfonamides); -mechanism of action (cell wall inhibitor, protein synthesis inhibitor); antibiotic or antimicrobial
antibiotic many are naturally occurring; substance produced by a microorganism that kills other organisms
antimicrobial obtained by chemical synthesis
gram positive bacteria many peptidoglycan strands, no outer layer
gram negative bacteria few peptidoglycan strands, outer membrane of lipopolysaccharide phospholipids, porins, followed by b-lactamase enzymes in perplasmic space
Antibiotics goal of therapy is the disrupt the life cycle of invading microorganisms; bacteriocidal (increased death of bacteria) and bacteriostatic (inhibition of bacterial growth)
PENICILLIN G acts by attaching to the PBP (penicillin binding proteins) at the active site, interfering c synthesis of mucopeptides which make cell wall
bacterial resistance to penicillin resistant bacteria have enzyme beta-lactamase; b-lactam ring brocken-->inactivates penicillin
Adverse effects of penicillin *allergic reaction *diarrhea *nephritis *neurotoxicity *hemotologic toxicities *cation toxicity (Na & K)
CEFOTOXAMINE cephalosporins-similar to cillins; broad-spectrum 3rd generation, binds to PBP on cell walls, inhibits 3rd and final stage of cell wall synthesis; used for gram - infections and for ppl who can't tolerate cillins
VANCOMYCIN to tx MRSA, interferes c early step of cell wall synthesis; SE-flushing, hypotension, rash on upper body, nephrotixicity and ototoxicity, allergic reactions, anaphylaxis
Created by: rlvander
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