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Chapter 1 Sec 1-3
Bio Glossary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| BIOLOGY | Study of life. |
| ORGANIZATION | High degree of order within an organism's internal and external parts and in its interactions with the living world. |
| CELL | Smallest unit that can perform all life's processes. |
| UNICELLULAR | Organisms that are made up of one cell, as bacteria. |
| MULTICELLULAR | Organisms that are made up of multiple cells, like humans or trees. |
| ORGAN | Structures that carry out specialized jobs within an organ system. |
| TISSUE | Groups of cells that have similar abilities and that allow organ to function and other cellular functions. |
| ORGANELLE | Tiny structures that carry out functions necessary for the cell to stay alive. |
| BIOLOGICAL MOLECULE | Chemical compounds that provide physical structure and that bring movement and energy use. |
| HOMEOSTASIS | Maintenance of a stable level of internal conditions. |
| METABOLISM | Sum of all the chemical reactions that take in and transform energy materials from the environment. |
| CELL DIVISION | Formation of two new cells from an existing cell. |
| DEVELOPMENT | Process by which an organism becomes a mature adut. |
| REPRODUCTION | Process in which organisms produce new organisms like themselves. |
| GENE | Short segment of DNA that contains the instructions for a single trait of an organism. |
| DOMAIN | Subdivisions of all organisms. |
| KINGDOM | A traditional taxonomic system, the highest taxonomic category, which contains a group of similar phyla. |
| ECOLOGY | The study of interactions between organisms and the other living and nonliving components of their environment. |
| ECOSYSTEM | A community of organisms and their abiotic environment. |
| EVOLUTION | A heritable change in the characteristics within a population fro one generation to the next; the development of new types of organisms from preexisting types of organisms over time. |
| NATURAL SELECTION | The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do; a theory to explain the mechanism of evolution. |
| ADAPTATION | The process of becoming adapted to an environment; an anatomical, physiological, or behavioral trait that improves an organism's ability to survive and repoduce. |
| SCIENTIFIC METHOD | Series of steps followed too solve problems, including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis and stating conclusions. |
| OBSERVATION | The information obtained by using the senses. |
| HYPOTHESIS | In science, an idea or explanation that is based on observations and can be tested. |
| PREDICTION | A statement made in advance that express the results that will be obtained from testing a hypothesis if the hypothesis is supported. |
| EXPERIMENT | A procedure that is carried out under controlled conditions to discover, demonstrate, or test a fact, theory or general truth. |
| CONTROL GROUP | In an experiment, a group that serves as a standard of comparison with another group to which the control group is identical except for one factor |
| EXPERIMENTAL GROUP | In an experiment, a group that is identical to a control group except for one factor that is compared with the control group |
| INDEPENDENT VARIABLE | In an experiment, the factor that is deliberately manipulated. |
| DEPENDENT VARIABLE | In an experiment, the factor that changes as a result of manipulation of one or more other factors. |
| THEORY | An explanation for some phenomenon that is based on observation, experimentation and reasoning. |
| PEER REVIEW | The process in which experts in a given field examine the results and conclusions of a scientist's study before that study is accepted for publication. |
| COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE | A microscope that uses light to illuminate a specimen that is then magnified by two lenses. |
| EYEPIECE (OCULAR LENS) | The part of a compound ligt microscope that magnifies an image, usually 10 times. |
| OBJECTIVE LENS | The part of a compound light microscope that is located directly above the specimen and that magnifies theimage of the specimen. |
| STAGE | platform that supports a slide holding the specimen |
| LIGHT SOURCE | is a light bulb that provides light for viewing the image. |
| MAGNIFICATION | The increase of an object's apparent size by using lenses or mirrors. |
| NOSEPIECE | The part of a compound light microscope that holds the objective lenses in place above the specimen. |
| RESOLUTION | is the power to show details clearly in an image. |
| SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (SEM) | A microscope that produces an enlarged, three-dimensional image of an object by using a beam of electrons rather than light |
| TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (TEM) | a microscope that transmits a beam of electrons through a very thin slice of specimen and that can magnify up to 200,00 times |
| BASE UNIT | One of the fundamental units of measurement that describes length, mass, time and other quantities and from which other units are derived. |
| metric system | single, standard system of measurement |
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