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Oneill - civil #4
Oneill - Civil Right and Liberties Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bill of Rights: | The first ten amendments to the Constitution. |
| Civil Liberties: | Legal and constitutional protections against government infringement of political liberties and criminal rights. |
| Eighth Amendment prohibits such punishment. | |
| Establishment Clause: | First Amendment prohibits the government from establishing a religion; is the basis for separation of church and state. |
| Exclusionary Rule: | Prohibits the government from including illegally obtained evidence in a trial. Link to: Mapp v. Ohio |
| Fifth Amendment: | Prohibits government from forcing individuals to testify against themselves. |
| First Amendment: | Establishes freedom of religion, press, speech, and assembly. |
| Free Exercise Clause: | Government is prohibited in the First Amendment from interfering in the practice of religion. |
| Incorporation Doctrine: | Legal concept under which the Supreme Court has “nationalized” the Bill of Rights by making most of its provisions applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment. |
| Libel: | Publication of false or malicious statements that damage someone’s reputation. Link to: 1st Amendment |
| Prior Restraint: | Government instrument to prevent material from being published. Link to: 1st Amend. |
| Probable Cause: | Police must have a good reason to arrest or search someone. Link to: 4th Amendment |
| Right to Privacy: | A contrived right from unstated liberties in the Bill of Rights. Helped decriminalize abortion. |
| Self-incrimination: | Testifying against oneself; forced confession. Link to: 5th Amendment |
| Sixth Amendment: | Designed to protect individuals accused of crimes; includes the right to counsel, the right to confront witnesses, and the right to a speedy and public trial. |
| Unreasonable Searches & Seizures: | Obtaining evidence without a good reason. Link to: 4th Amendment |
| Civil Rights: | Extending citizenship rights to those previously denied them. |
| Affirmative Action: | A policy designed to give special consideration to those previously discriminated against. |
| Americans w/ Disabilities Act: | Passed in 1990; strengthened protections of individuals with disabilities by requiring employers and public facilities to make “reasonable accommodations” and prohibiting employment discrimination against people with disabilities. |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964: | Forbids discrimination in public accommodations and facilities. |
| Equal Protection of the Laws: | Provided by the Fourteenth Amendment mandating that all people be protected by the law. Link to: incorporation doctrine. |
| Fifteenth Amendment: | Provides the right to vote for African Americans. |
| Fourteenth Amendment: | Prohibits states from denying equal protection of the laws. |
| Nineteenth Amendment: | Provided women with the right to vote. |
| Poll Taxes: | Taxes levied on the right to vote designed to disenfranchise poor blacks. |
| Suffrage: | The legal right to vote. Link to: Amendments 15, 19, and 26 |
| Thirteenth Amendment: | Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude. |
| Twenty-fourth Amendment: | Prohibited poll taxes in federal elections |
| Voting Right Act of 1965: | A policy designed to reduce the barriers to voting for those suffering discrimination. |
Created by:
oneillp
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