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Volcano Vocabulary

vocab

QuestionAnswer
Wegener's hypothesis that all continents were once connected in a single, large landmass that broke apart about 200 million years ago and drifted slowly to their current locations. Continental Drift
large, ancient landmass that was composed of all the continents joined together. Pangaea
Hess's theory that new seafloor is formed when magma is forced upward toward the surface at a mid-ocean ridge. Seafloor spreading
theory that Earth's crust and upper mantle are broken into plates that float and move around on a plastic like layer of the mantle. Plate Tectonics
a large section of Earth's oceanic or continental crust and rigid upper mantle that moves around on the asthenosphere. Plate
rigid layer of Earth about 100 km thick, made of crust and a part of the upper mantle. Lithosphere
plastic like layer of Earth on which the lithospheric plates float and move around. Asthenosphere
current in Earth's mantle that transfers heat in Earth's interior and is the driving force for the plate tectonics. Convection Current
movement of the ground that occurs when rocks inside Earth pass their elastic limit, break suddenly, and experience elastic rebound. Earthquake
fracture that occurs when rocks change their shape by breaking; can form as a result of compression, being pulled apart, or shear. Fault
earthquake waves, including primary waves, secondary waves, and surface waves. Seismic Wave
point deep inside Earth where energy is released, causing an earthquake. Focus
point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus. Epicenter
instrument used to record seismic waves Seismograph
a measure of the energy released by an earthquake. Magnitude
powerful seismic sea wave that begins over an ocean-floor earthquake; can reach 30 m in height when approaching land, and can cause destruction in coastal areas. Tsunami
describes the ability of structures to stand up against the vibrations caused by an earthquake. Seismic Safe
long crack that forms between tectonic plates moving apart at plate boundaries. Rift
Created by: aragusa
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