Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
kj
GI
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| routes of nutritional supplements | 1. liquid whole food/ by mouth 2. feeding tube 3. tpn or ppn |
| types of feeding tubes | nasogastric, esophogostomy, gastrostomy, jejunostomy nasoduodenal, nasojejunal, Dobnoff |
| can you check residual in jujuneum? | no |
| NSAIDS | interfere with prostiglandins |
| why does aspirin irritate the stomach? | first it works in the blood and then it works by interefering with prostiglandins. |
| how do prostiglandins affect the stomach? | protect the mucous lining of the stomach and cut down on acid |
| effects of aging on th GI tract | mouth, digestive enzymes (HCI acid, IF, Pepsin, Lipase, Trypsinogen, Amylase, Bile and sucrase), motility, musculoskeletal, socio-economic. |
| What potential effects does NSAIDS have on the body? | GI upset and bleeding |
| coated aspirin | has no benefit |
| x-ray | looking for free air, shows if system has a leak, this is normally a medical emergency |
| complication of barium studies | constipation, may need MOM to get rid of barium |
| Nursing implications for upper GI study | 1. Keep pt NPO for 8-12 hrs. before procedure 2. prevent contrast mediums impaction |
| Nursing implications for Barium | 1.administer laxatives & enemas untill colon is clear 2. cl diet evening before procedure |
| Nursing implications for upper GI Endoscopy | 1.NPO for 8 hrs 2. make sure consent is signed |
| Nursing implications for colonoscopy | bowel prep, sedation will be given, cl 1-3 days before procedure,will inject air tell pt it will be uncomfortable and to pass the air. |
| Nursing implications for proctosigmoidoscopy | 1. enema evening before & morning of procedure 2. explain that knee-chest position may br necessary |
| Nursing implications for gastric analysis | 1. NPO for 8-12 hrs. 2. ensure no smoking day of procedure |
| Nursing implications for stool hemoccult | 1. place smear of stool on both areas of card2. apply 2 drops of developer to each area and the control area 3. avoid NSAIDS, red meat, broccili for 3 days (could effect the results) |
| Nursing implications for liver biopsy | 1. check coagulation status 2. ensure informed consent is signed. |
| Nursing implications for abd ultrasound | schedule test before upper GI or brium enemas 2. client may need bowel cleansing |
| Nursing implications for liver/ spleen scan | 1. explain non-invasive nature of test with only a trace of radio-activity 2.explain client will lie still while camera moves over abd. |
| Nursing implications for MRI | npo for 6 hrs. before procedure. 2 metal and pregnancy contrindicated |
| Nursing implications for oral cholecystogram | 1. assess for iodine allergy 2. npo after dye |
| pepsin | enzyme that breaks down protein in the stomach |
| lipase | pancreatic enzyme that breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol |
| cystokinin | hormone that stimulates bile flow into the duodenum |
| stomach | where fat digestion begins |
| ptyalin | enzyme in the mouth that breaks down starches |
| mouth | where carb break down begins |
| amylase | enzyme that breaks down maltose, lactose, and sucrose |
| gingivitis | inflammation of the gums |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| hematemesis | vomiting blood |
| emesis | vomiting |
| hepatomegly | liver enlargement |
| ascites | fluid within abd cavity |
| candidiasis | white, curd like fungal lesions |
| hemorrhoids | thrombosed veins in rectum and anus |
| melena | black, tarry stool |
| leukoplakia | thickened white patches |
| dyspepsia | heartburn, indigestion |
| rebound tenderness | sudden pain when fingers withdraw from abdominal palpation |
| the majority of blood supply to the liver is from the | portal vein |
| purpose of procedure: oral cholecystogram | x-ray of gallbladder after contrast medium allows visualization of gallbladder and duct system |
| purpose of procedure: barium swallow | fluoroscopy with contrast medium to diagnos structural sbnormalities of esophagus, stomach,duodenal bulb |
| purpose of procedure: colonoscopy | allows direct visualization of colon up to ileocecal valve. |
| purpose of procedure: ultrasound | use of high frequency sound waves to detect viruses, stones, tumors |
| purpose of procedure: fecal analysis | specimen analyzed of fat, blood, parasites |
| purpose of procedure: liver/spleen scan | injection of radionuclide to record distributionin liver and spleen. |
| purpose of procedure: serum amylase | blood tested for pancreatic enzyme |
| purpose of procedure: CT scan | x-ray of gallbladder exposures at different depths to detect biliary tract, liver, pancreatic disorders. |
| Why do you need to be NPO for ultrasound? | keep gallbladder from contracting |
| types of contrast | iv and oral |
| nursing implications for contrast | check allergies to shellfish and iodine, check orders for contrast or no contrast, check BUN and creatine (can kidneys clear this contrast) |
| Nursing implications for EGD | pt must sign permit, npo for 8 hrs, concerned about gag reflex returning, VS every 15 mins, wait 1 hr to eat |
| best test for colon cancer | colonoscopy |
| how do you get colon cancer | genetic: you make the polyp because you have the gene to make it. |
| who should tell the pt when to have a colonoscopy? | only the dr |
| colorectal canser risks | 1. genetic predispostion 2. african americans 3. family hx 4.H/O CA 5. Age 6. bowel disease 7. diet 8. medications 9. lifestyle |
| GI Drugs | Antacids, H2 blockers, PPI (stop production of acid) |
| antacids | Rolaids, Tums, MOM |
| H2 Blockers | Pepsid, Tagament |
| PIP | Nexium, Previcid, Prilosec |
| S/S of polyp | caliber of stool change, occult blood, CEA lab |
| GERD | acid and pepsin reflux |
| factors of GERD | esophageal motility, defective mucousal barrier, gastric emptying, stomach contents move up, |
| prediposing factors for GERD | Age, poor nutrition,obestiy,ascites, tumors,heavey lifting, forced recumbant position. |
| GERD S/S | heartburn, pain, dyspepsia, hoarsness, microaspiration |
| GERD treatment | Anti-secretory, antacids, cytorotective, prokinetic |
| GERD lifestyle changes | HOB on 6 in blocks, diet, decrease intra-abd pressure |
| complications of GERD | severe reflux esophagitis ( inflammation, erosion, fibrosis) and pre-cancerous metaplasia ( lining starts to change to be more like that of the stomach) |
| GERD surgical unterventions | fundiplication (wrap top of stomach and suture it creating a false sphinter) and stretta procedure (creates more scar tissue to tighten up the sphincter) |
| Gastritis causes | 1. drugs 2. lifestyle 3. H. Pylori (know to cause stomach cancer |
| S/S of Gastritis | Anorexia, N&V, Epigastric tenderness, fullness, Macrocytic anemia |
| Gastritis diagnosis | endoscopy, IF testing. CBC, Electrolytes, Liver profile. Urine and stool sample |
| Peptic ulcer: Gatric S/S | 1-2 hrs PC pressure and pain, burning gaseous |
| Peptic ulcer: Duodenal | 2-4 hrs PC Sleep disturbance, pressure and pain, Burning, cramp like back pain |
| 80% of ulcers are in? | duodenum |
| complication of ulcers | hemorrhage, perforation |
| Bleed from upper GI? | black |
| Bleed from lower GI? | red |
| treatment for perforation | surgery, emergent |
| Gastroduodenostomy | Billroth I- removal of distal 2/3 stomch w/ anastomosis to duodenum |
| gastrojejunostomy | Billroth II- removal of distal 2/3 stomach w/ anastomosis to jejunum |
| Vagotomy | selective ligation of vagus nerve eliminates stimulus for HCI |
| Dumping sydrome | occurs after surgery, goes away on it's own, a sudden decrease in plasma volume occuring after eating. S/S sweating , palpation, pain, abd cramps |
| Blood that has begun to be digested by gastric secretions willl appear? | coffee ground |
| Feosol | (iron) will turn stools black. |
| S/S of GI hemorrage or perforation | Hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea |
| fluid movement in the dumping syndrome is a function of | osmosis |
| Most common surgery | Appendectomy |
| Appendisitis S/S | Pain RLQ, Starts at periumbilical and then moves to McBurney's point (RLQ at hip line), positive Rovsing's sign, N&V, Anorexia, decreased motility, Neutrophilia, and fever |
| Rovsing's sign | pressure on the L and feels pain on the right |
| Hernia | protrusion of organ or structure through an opening or defect or weak spot |
| types of hernias | hiatus, ventral, umbilical, inguinal, femoral |
| direct inguinal hernia | from normal stressures of life |
| indirect inguinal hernia | canal didn't close |
| strangulated hernia | blood supply is cut off, emergency surgery situation |
| incarcerated | hernia is trapped outside peritoneal cavity |
| reducible hernia | hernia moves vack into peritoneal cavity |
| diverticulosis S/S | generally on the left side, caused by constipation and straining. asymptomatic, cramp-like pain, alternating BM, bloating |
| diverticulosis diagnosis | CT, CBC, FOBT, BE, Colonscopy |
| diverticulosis treatment | diet hydrtion, medication (bulk laxative, anticholinergics), decreased intra-abdominal pressure. |
| diverticulitis S/S | pain on l side, guarding, LLQ Mass, inflammatory response, |
| diverticulitis complications | abcess, peritonitis, fistula. obstruction, bleeding, |
| diverticulitis treatment | NGT, IVF, Antibiotics, Analgesics, progressive diet and ambulation; surgery (bowel resection) |
| types of bowel obstruction: | adhesion, strangulated, ilialsecal intussusception , Intussusception from polyp,mesenteric occlusion, neoplam (tumor), volvulus of sigmoid colon (twisting, paralytic |
Created by:
gemjema
Popular Nursing sets