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Chap13 Microbe_Human
Microbe-Human Interactions: Infection and Disease
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pathogens | Microbes that cause adverse effects |
| Microbiota | indigenous flora includes various bacteria, arches, fungi, protozoa, viruses, and arthropods(mites) |
| Sterile environments of the human body | Lung, sinus, kidneys, blood, fetus |
| How does the microbiota benefit the host | prevent the overgrowth of harmful microbes and modulate an immune response |
| Type of helpful bacteria found in the vagina | Lactobacillus which is inhibitory to pathogenic yeast |
| Beneficial probiotic bacteria found in breastmilk | Bifidobacterium |
| Current research has found some evidence that the gut microbiota has influences on | obesity inflammatory bowel and chron's disease autism brain function alzheimers |
| How does antibiotic treatment change the microbiota | disrupts the normal flora and causes the overgrowth of harmful species |
| What bacteria causes antibiotic associated colitis | Clostridium difficile |
| What causes bacteria causes antibiotic associated yeast infections such as oral thrush, vaginal candidasis | Candida albicans |
| What is linked to use of antibiotics in early childhood | later onset asthma |
| Why are normal flora important | immunnomodulation and host response to environmental substances |
| What type of influence does the microbiota have on the human host | produce compounds to change the gene expression of intestinal epithelial cells influence what the body does with genes |
| How do microorganisms work with the human gut | They can cause the gut to become leaky and allow LPS from the G- bacteria to get into the body and the brain is particularly sensitive |
| How can microorganisms help the gut | by maintain the borders of the gut and preventing the leakage of toxins into the body |
| Usage of antibiotics and intake of simple sugars encourages | Bad bacteria |
| Intake of fiber and fermented foods encourages | Good bacteria |
| What amino acid comes from good gut bacteria | Tryptophan |
| What is the purpose of tryptophan | is it used by the body and turned into the calming neurotransmitter serotonin |
| Probiotics | good bacteria ingested in order to attempt to positively influence gut bacteria |
| What are the important factors when choosing a probiotic | variety and species are important need to be fresh and living numbers are important delivery system |
| Why are numbers of probiotic ingested important | because most die in the journey of through the gi tract |
| What are probiotics | foods that cannot be digested by humans but make it through the gi tract and are food for good bacteria |
| How do good bacteria get their energy | fermentation |
| examples of good bacteria | Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria |
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