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Energy and Developme
Energy and Development
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| supply | quantity of something that producers have available for sale |
| demand | quantity that consumers are willing and able to buy |
| coal | leading energy source in North America and Europe |
| Petroleum | first pumped in 1859, but did not become an important source of energy until the diffusion of motor vehicles in the 20th century |
| natural gas | originally burned off as a waste product of petroleum drilling but now used to heat homes and produce electricity |
| fossil fuel | an energy source formed from the residue of plants and animals buried millions of years ago |
| businesses | main energy demand is for coal, followed by natural gas and petroleum |
| homes | energy is demanded primarily for the heating of living spaces and water. natural gas is most common source, followed by petroleum |
| transportation | demand petroleum products (cars, trucks, buses, airplanes, most rail-r0ads). Only subways street-cars and some trains run on coal-generated electricity. |
| coal formed | in tropical locations, in lush, swampy areas rich in plants |
| petroleum formed | millions of years ago from residue deposited on the seafloor |
| natural gas formed | like petroleum, millions of years ago from sediment deposited on the seafloor |
| renewable energy | essentially unlimited supple and is not depleted when used by people (hydroelectric, geothermal, fusion, wind, biomass, solar energy, etc.) |
| nonrenewable energy | forms so slowly that for practical purposes, it cannot be renewed (three fossil fuels that currently supply most of the world's energy needs) |
| proven reserves | supply of energy remaining in deposits that have been discovered |
| potential reserve | supply in deposits that are undiscovered but thought to exist |
| undiscovered fields | largest, most accessible deposits of petroleum, natural gas, and coal have already been exploited |
| enhanced recovery from already discovered fields | when first exploited, petroleum "gushed" from wells drilled into rock layers saturation with it |
| unconventional sources | some sources are called unconventional because methods currently used to extract resources won't work |
| OPEC | Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries |
| Changing U.S. Petroleum Sources | U.S. produced more petroleum than it consumed during the first half of the 20th century |
| nuclear energy | not renewable, but some view it as an alternation to fossil fuels |
| potential accidents | nuclear power plant produces electricity from energy released by splitting uranium atoms in a controlled environment |
| fission | producing electricity from energy released by splitting uranium atoms in a controlled environment |
| radioactive waste | production of all nuclear reactions. certain types of which are lethal to people exposed to it |
| waste from nuclear fission | highly radioactive and lethal, used to make bombs, harvest plutonium for making nuclear weapons, etc. |
| uranium | nonrenewable resources |
| breeder reactor | turns uranium into a renewable resource by generating plutonium (also a nuclear fuel) |
| hydroelectric power | generating electricity from the movement of water |
| biomass fuel | fuel derived from plant material and animal waste |
| burning biomass | may be inefficient because the energy used to produce the crops may be as much as the energy supplied by crops |
| biomass essential purpose | other than energy, providing much of Earth's food, clothes, shelter |
| fertility of the forest may be reduced if | wood is burned for fuel instead of being left in the forest |
| windmill and wind power | modifies the environment |
| geothermal energy | energy from this hot water or steam |
| fusion | fusing of hydrogen atoms to form helium |
| passive solar energy systems | capture energy without using special devices |
| active solar energy systems | collect solar energy and convert it either to heat energy or to electricity |
| photovoltaic cells | convert light energy to electrical energy |
Created by:
rudolph.beukes
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