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Soil and Rock Cycle
Soil, weathering, erosion, depostion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How does sediment become sedimentary rock? | compaction and/or cementation |
| How does rock become sediment? | weathering |
| How does a rock become igneous? | melting, then cooling |
| How does a rock become metamorphic? | heat and/or pressure (not enough to melt the rock) |
| What is soil made of? | weathered rock (sediment), humus (decayed plants and animals), air, and water |
| How is sediment formed? | weathering |
| What are the main layers/horizons of soil? (in order) | A=topsoil B&C=subsoil (bedrock) |
| Which layer of soil has the most organic material (it's darker, holds more water, and is better for farming)? | topsoil (layer A) |
| List some ways to conserve soil. | windbreaks (slows down the wind to reduce wind erosion) plant roots (holds the soil)--cover crops and no-till farming contour plowing and terracing (slows down water/gravity) crop rotation |
| What's the difference between weathering and erosion? | weathering breaks down the rock, while erosion moves it to a different location |
| Give examples of mechanical (physical) weathering. | abrasion, ice wedging, root pry, gravity |
| Give examples of chemical weathering. | oxidation (rusting, tarnishing), acid rain |
| What is the difference between sand, silt, and clay? | the size of the particle (sand, for example, is the largest of the 3) |
| What 2 processes form soil? | weathering and decomposition |
| What 2 processes forms canyons and caves? | weathering and erosion |
| What process forms a delta, sandbar, alluvial fan, and sand dunes? | deposition |
| Where do alluvial fans form? | bottom of mountains |
| Where do deltas form? | at the mouth of a river (where it dumps into an ocean, bay, gulf) |
| (true or false) Leaves are organic. | true (anything that is or was living) |
| Where did the Dust Bowl of the 1930's occur? | central U.S. (Kansas, Oklahoma, etc) |
| What were the main 2 causes of the Dust Bowl? | drought and poor farming practices |
| Windbreaks conserve ___________. | soil |
| (true or false) Bedrock has the most weathered rock. | False---topsoil has the most weathered rock (and organic matter) |
| Is soil considered to be renewable or nonrenewable? | Nonrenewable (in nature, it takes thousands of year to make soil) |
| What type of soil conservation can be used on the side of a mountain? | terracing (contour plowing if a hill) |
Created by:
mtl19660
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