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Infection control 2
infection control
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| microorganism | a small living organism that is not visible to the naked eye |
| nonpathogens | are beneficial in maintaining certain body processes |
| pathogens | germs |
| aerobic | require oxygen to live |
| anaerobic | live and reproduce in the absence of oxygen |
| Bacteria | simple, one celled organisms that multiply rapidly |
| How is bacteria classified | shape and arrangement |
| Cocci | are round or spherical in shape bacteria |
| Bacilli | rod shaped bacteria |
| Spirilla | bacterua that are spiral or corkscrew in shape |
| Protozoa | one celled animal like organisms often found in decayed materials. May ocntain flagella, which allow them to move freely |
| Fungi | simple, plant like organisms that live on organic matter. |
| Rickettsiae | parasitic microorganisms,which mean they can not live outside the cells of another living organisms |
| Viruses | reproduce inside another living cell, spread from human to human by blood and other body secretions |
| Helminths | multicellular parasitic organisms commonly called worms or flukes |
| Endogenous | infection or disease originates within the body |
| Exogenous | means infection or disease originates outside the body |
| nosocomial | infection acquired by an individual in a helath care facility |
| Opportunistic infection | infections that occur when the body's defenses are weak |
| CHAIN OF INFECTION: | -Causative agent -Reservoir-Portal of exit-Mode of Transmission -Portal of Entry |
| Susceptible Host | a person likely to get an infection or disease, usually because body defenses are weak |
| Asepsis | defined as the absence of disease-producing mircoorganisms or pathogens |
| Sterile | means free from all organisms both pathogenic and non pathogenic |
| Contaminated | means that organisms and pathogens are present |
| Antispesis | prevent or inhibit growth of pathogenic organisms but are not effective against spores and viruses |
| Sterilization | a process that destroys all microorganisms |
| Autoclave | a piece of equipment that uses steam under pressure or gas to sterilize equipment and supplies. |
| How long items remain sterile after being autoclaved | 30 days |
| Chemical disinfection | disinfection of tools and insturments using chemicals. |
| Ultrasonic tool | uses bubbles in a cleaning solution to remove dirt and debris prior to sterilizing. |
| Sterile | Free from all organisms. |
| Contaminated | organisms and pathogens are present. |
| Sterile field | an area to place sterile items. The 2-inch border is considered contaminated. |
| Drop technique | dropping a sterile item from it's package onto a sterile feild. |
| Mitten technique | a hand wrapped in a sterile wrap to pick up larger objects. |
| Transfer forceps | using forceps to transfer smaller items that can't be transfered with the mitten or drop technique. |
| Hand washing | a basic task required in any health occupation to reduce the spread of infection |
| Aseptic technique | a method followed to prevent the spread of germs or pathogens |
| CDC | Center for Disease Control and Prevention |
| Hand washing should be done: | -arriving at & before leaving the facility -Before and after every patient contact -When the hands become contaminated -Gloves are torn or punctured -Before and after handling a specimen |
| Method for hand washing: | -Use soap-Use warm water -Friction to remove pathogens-Clean all surfaces of the hands-Fingertip pointed downwards-Use dry paper towel to turn on & off the faucet |
| HBV | Hepatitis B virus |
| HCV | Hepatitis C virus |
| HIV | Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
| OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
| BBP | Bloodborne Pathogen |
| Who established the Bloodborne Pathogen Standards: | OSHA |
| BBP regulations: | -Develop a written exposure plan-ID all employees who have occupational exposure-Hepatitis B vaccine (provided for free)-PPE's (provided)-Clean worksite -Enforce rules-Post signs-Provide training |
| PPE | Personal protective equipment |
| Hand washing | a basic task required in any health occupation to reduce the spread of infection |
| Aseptic technique | a method followed to prevent the spread of germs or pathogens |
| CDC | Center for Disease Control and Prevention |
| Hand washing should be done: | -arriving at & before leaving the facility -Before and after every patient contact -When the hands become contaminated -Gloves are torn or punctured -Before and after handling a specimen |
| Method for hand washing: | -Use soap-Use warm water -Friction to remove pathogens-Clean all surfaces of the hands-Fingertip pointed downwards-Use dry paper towel to turn on & off the faucet |
| HBV | |
| HCV | Hepatitis C virus |
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus | |
| Who established the Bloodborne Pathogen Standards: | OSHA |
| BBP regulations: | -Develop a written exposure plan-ID all employees who have occupational exposure-Hepatitis B vaccine (provided for free)-PPE's (provided)-Clean worksite -Enforce rules-Post signs-Provide training |
| PPE | Personal protective equipment |
| Standard Precautions | rules developed by the CDC to prevent contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials |
| autoclave | is a piece of equipment that uses steam under pressure or gas to sterilize equipment and supplies |
| Communicable Disease | caused by a pathogenic organism that can be easily transmitted to others |
| epidemic | when a communicable disease spreads rapidly from person to person |
| pandemic | outbreak of disease over a wide geographical area and affects a high population |
| clean | object does not contain disease- producing organisms |
| airborne precautions: | -pt. must be in private room with doors shut-air in the room must be released outdoors and filtered-each person who enters the room must wear respiratory protection or HEPA mask |
| droplet precautions | used on patients who are infected with pathogens transmitted by large particle droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking, or laughing |
| protective or reverse isolation | protects patients from organisms in the environment |
| precautions taken in reverse isolaton | -pt. placed in a room that has been disinfected-anyone entering the room must wear clean or sterile gowns, gloves, and masks-all equipment brought into the room are clean-special filters used to purify the air |
| Standard precautions for infection control: | -Wash Hands-Wear Gloves-Wear masks and eye protection/face shields-Wear gown-Patient-care equipment -Environmental control-Linen-Occupational Health and BBP -Pt placement |
| Waste and Linen disposal | placed in special infectious waste or bio-hazardous material bags |
| Gowns, masks and eye protection | Worn during any procedure that causes splashing or spraying of body fluids |
| Sharps | All neddles and sharp pbjects must be discarded in a leakproof/puncture-resistant sharps container |
| Spills and Splashes | Must be wiped up immediately w/ a disinfectant solution or swept up and placed in infectious waste container |
| Resuscitation Devices | mouth pieces should be used to avoid the need for mouth-to-mouth resuscitation |
Created by:
FMHSAHS102
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