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HB: Chapter 3

TermDefinition
Active Transport Movement of material against the concentration gradient. low to HIGH. Requires ATP
Diffusion Movement of material with concentration gradient. HIGH to low. No energy required.
Endocytosis Bulk moment of material into the cell. Cell 'swallowing'. Macrophage engulfing bacteria.
Exocytosis Bulk movement of material out of cell. Neurotransmitters release.
Golgi Apparatus Organelle. Modifies cellular material for extracellular transport.
Metabolism Sum of all chemical reactions.
Mitochondria Organelle. Converts organic material into ATP.
Osmosis Diffusion of water. Water goes in the direction of greater solute concentration.
Passive Transport Movement of material across a cellular membrane.
Plasma Membrane Composed of lipids and proteins, this organelle regulates what enters and leaves the cell. Also has proteins responsible for receiving signals from other cells.
Ribosome Organelle responsible for protein synthesis.
Sodium-Potassium Pump Transport proteins that regulate a concentration gradient of Na+ and K+.
Vesicles Intercellular transport structure.
Cellular Respiration Process that converts organic material into usable energy for the cell. Occurs in the mitochondria
Glycolysis First step of cellular respiration. Splits glucose into two pyruvates and generates 2 ATP.
Hypertonic The solution with a greater solute concentration
Hypotonic The solution with a lower solute concentration
Isotonic When both sides are of equal solute concentration.
Receptor Protein Shape specific proteins that receive signals from other cells.
Lysosome Digestive organelle. Uses hydrolytic enzymes and a lower pH to catabolize material.
Cytoskeleton Loose network of fibers (microtubules and micorfilaments) that give structure and support within a cell.
Created by: dmainvil
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