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Module #15 Test
Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Physiology | the study of life processes in an organism |
| Define Nastic Movement | a plant's response to a stimulus such that the direction of the response is preprogrammed and not dependent of the direction of the stimulus |
| Define Pore Spaces | spaces in the soil that determine how much water and air the soil can hold |
| Define Loam | a mixture of gravel,sand, silt, clay, and organic matter |
| Define Cohesion | the phenomenon that occurs when individual molecules are so strongly attracted to each other that they tend to stay together, even when exposed to tension |
| Define Translocation | the process by which organic substances move through the phloem of a plant |
| Define Hormones | chemicals that circulate throughout multicellular organisms, regulating cellular processes by interacting with specifically targeted cells |
| Define Phototropism | a growth response to light |
| Define Gravitropism | a growth response to gravity |
| Define Thigmotropism | a growth response to touch |
| Define Perfect Flowers | flowers with both stamens and carpels |
| Define Imperfect Flowers | flowers with either stamens or carpels, but not both |
| Define Pollination | the transfer of pollen grains from the anther tothe carpel in flowering plants |
| Define Double Fertilization | a fertilization process that requires two sperm to fuse with two other cells |
| Define Seed | an ovule with a productive coating, encasing a mature plant embryo and a nutrient source |
| Define Fruit | a mature ovary that contains a seed or seeds |
| Name the four processes for which plants require water. Which of these can be neglected for a short amount of time? | Photosynthesis, turgor pressure, hyrolysis, and transport; Turgor pressure |
| Which plant is using nastic movement and which is using phototropism? | the first plant was nastic movement and the second plant is phototropism |
| Briefly describe the cohesion-tension theory of water transport in plants. | transpiration causes the water to move up the xylem in plant |
| Do xylem cells need to be alive in order for xylem to do their job? Why or why not? | no, because they do nothing to promote the transport of water |
| Do phloem cells need to be alive in order for phloem to do their job? Why or why not? | yes, because they actively expend energy to guide the flow of the organic molecules throughout the plant |
| What substance do xylem contain? What substance do phloem contain? | xylem contains water and dissolved minerals and phloem contains sugar and organic substances |
| Do insectivorous plants really eat insects? Why or why not? | no, because they use it for raw material for biosynthesis |
| From a genetic point of view, what is the difference between vegetative reproduction and sexual reproduction in plants? | with vegetative its asexual so the genetic code is exactly the same and with the sexual reproduction the genetic code is close but not the same |
| A gardener says that one limb of his crabapple tree now produces normal-sized apples. What much the gardener have done to make this happen? | grafting |
| What is the male reproductive organ of a flower? What is the female reproductive organ? | Stamen; Carpel |
| Why are the pollen grains and embryo sacs of flowers sometimes considered the gametophyte generation in an alternation of generations life cycle? | because both are part of reproduction and both produce gametes |
| What two types of cells are found in a pollen grain? | sperm cell and tube nucleus |
| Typically, how many cells are in an embryo sac? How many of them get fertilized? | 7 cells; 2 of them |
| What structure is composed of stigma style, and ovaries? | Carpel |
| What structure is composed of anthers and filaments? | Stamen |
| What is the difference between polination and fertilization? | pollination is the transfer of sperm to the egg and fertilization is where the zygote is formed |
| How many sperm cells are used in plant fertilization? | two sperm cells |
| Where does the endosperm come from? What is its purpose? | it comes from the fertilization of the large, two nucleus cells; its a source of nutrients |
| The cotelydons or cotelydons held provide food for the plant before and often after generation. How do cotelydons accomplish each task? | it aids in the transfer of nutrients from the endosperm to the embryo; performs the 1st photosynthesis |
| Name the three basic parts of the plant embryo and what each gives to rise in germination. | radical, hypocotyl, and epicotyl |
| What is the purpose of a fruit? | dispersal of seeds |
| Name at least three ways in which pollen is tranferred from the stamens of one flower to the carpel of anther. | wing, bees, and birds |
| Why are cotelydons sometimes called "seed leaves"? | they form leaf-like structures if they end up rising above ground with the seedling |
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liv2dance
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