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Bio Chapter 2
Cells
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| phospholipids | make up the membrane and are 2 lipids and a phospate |
| permeable | control/permission for crossing or not of the membrane |
| diffussion | transfer of a substance from an abundant to a lessor abundancy. Requires no cell energy |
| active transport | transfer of a substance from a lessor abundancy to an abundant. This requires cell energy. |
| endocytosis/phagocytosis | process of bringing in a substance from outside of the cell |
| exocytosis/secretion | process of transferring a substance out of the cell |
| osmosis | when water moves from where it is abundant to less abundant |
| aquaporin | protein that allows water to cross through the membrane even though it is not a lipid or lipid solute. It is a channel holding a sole purpose to allow water in |
| hypertonic solution | more solute, less water |
| hypotonic solution | less solute, more water |
| isotonic solution | equal distribution of solutes and water |
| Microfilaments/Microtubules | Non Membranous. Proteins in the shape of tube or thread inside of the cell that gives or maintains the cell structure so It does not collapse |
| Mitochandria | double membrane. Produces energy for the cell. Kidney bean shape. Inner membrane fits only if it is folded because it is large |
| lysosome | is a vesicle filled with digestive enzymes. Membrane bound package from the Golgi. DETOX THE PACKAGE FROM THE GOLGI |
| Golgi aparatus | membrane bound. packages and refines substances from the ER. Packaged for secretion |
| transport vesicle | membrane bound. Membrane pinched off of the ER to transport the protein inside of the membrane to its next stop |
| Nucleus | holds all of the DNA/Chromatin/Chromosomes . this provides the information for what the cell needs to make and how much of it |
| ribosomes | site of protein synthesis. assemble proteins/amino acids for the need of the cell. NON membranous |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | membrane bound series of channels served as a pathway for the substances to transfer through the cell from one side to another |
| Smooth ER | No ribosomes are attached. Lipids and Fat molecules are assembled |
| Rough ER | Protein production and placement pathway. Ribosomes surrounding the outer rim of the endoplasmic reticulum |
| cytoplasm | the region between plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane that has organelles and cytosol |
| organelles | tiny structures inside the cell |
| cell membrane | outer layer holding the cell together made of phospholipids and proteins |
| prokaryotic | no nucleus, plant cell |
| eukaryotic | nucleus, animal cell usually multi-cellular organisms |
| organic molecules | carbon containing molecules |
| glucose | simple sugar, monosaccharide c6h1206 |
| monomer | single building block unit |
| polymer | big molecule monomers joined together |
| protein | long chains of amino acids |
| polypeptide | smaller chains of molecules |
| biologic molecules | carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
| hydrophilic | water loving-soluble in water |
| hydrophobic | water fearing-insoluble in water |
| What can dissolve in water? | Other polar hydrophilic molecules |
| soluble | hydrophilic-substance can dissolve |
| insoluble | hydrophobic-substance does not have ability to dissolve |
| cohesion | attraction between 2 like things |
| adhesion | attraction between 2 non like things |
| capillary action | molecules stick to one another and pull each other along, example water molecules pulling each other along up a tree root |
| polar | unequal distribution of charge |
| water forms | solid liquid gas |
| ICF | internal cellular fluid solution= solvent and solutes |
| ECF | extra cellular fluid, external fluid surrounding the cell. solution=solvent and solutes |
| bacteria | single celled organisms. can live on their own. |
| cell | by definition the smallest living unit |
| organism | a group of organ systems organized for an independent existence |
| nucleic acids | macromolecule that carries genetic info of a cell and instructions for the cell function |
| nucleotides | monomer of nucleic acids |
| simple sugars | monosaccharrides |
| disaccharides | 2 monosaccharides undergo a dehydration reaction and form a covelant bond |
| polysaccharide | long chain of monosaccharides linked by a covelant bond |
| macromolecules | large molecule often made by polymerization of smaller molecules |
| molecules | chemical structure having at least 2 atoms held together by a chemical bond |
| organelles | membrane bound compartments or sac within the membrane |
| atom | smallest component of an element |
| covalent bonds | strong bond between 2 or more elements. forms when electrons are shared |
| organic compounds | carbon containing molecules |
| ionic bonds | chemical bond formed between ions of opposite charges |
| hydrogen bonds | weak bonds between partially positive and partially negative elements or molecules |
| cytosol | semi liquid, semi solid gel like consistency, movement allowing in which the organelles of the cell are suspended in |
Created by:
arentfrow26
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