Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bio Ch 11-section 1
The Work of Gregor Mendel
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the scientific study of heredity | genetics |
| if allowed to self pollinate, offspring produced would be identical to the parent | true breeding |
| specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another | trait |
| offspring crossed between parents with different traits are | hybrids |
| chemical factors that determine traits | genes |
| different forms of a gene are | alleles |
| The principle of __________ states that some alleles are dominant and others recessive | dominance |
| separation of alleles | segregation |
| sex cells | gametes |
| the liklihood that a particular event will occur | probability |
| the principles of _________ can be useful to predict the outcomes of genetic crosses | probability |
| the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross can be determined by drawing a diagram known as this | punnett square |
| organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait, true-breeding | homozygous |
| organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait, hybrid | heterozygous |
| physical characteristics | phenotype |
| genetic makeup | genotype |
| genes that segregate independently form do not influence each others inheritance | independent assortment |
| the principle of ___________ ____________ states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes | independent assortment |
| the inheritance of biological characteristics is determined by________. In sexual organisms, genes are passed from ________ to _______. | genes, parent, offspring |
| in cases where more than one form of a gene exists for a single trait, some forms may be __________ and others __________ | dominant recessive |
| in most sexual organisms, each adult has two copies of each ______. one from each parent. They are __________ when gametes are formed | segregated |
| the alleles for different genes usually segregate ____________ | independently |
| T/F some alleles are neither dominant or recessive | TRUE |
| T/F Traits cannot be controlled by multiple alleles | FALSE |
| Many _______ are controlled by multiple alleles or multiple genes | traits |
| cases in which one allele is not completely dominant over another is called | incomplete dominance |
| both alleles contribute to the phenotype of the organism | codominance |
| genes that have more than two alleles | multiple alleles |
| traits controlled by two or more genes are said to be _________ traits, which means "having many genes" | polygenic |
| describe the main results of meiosis | four haploid (gametes) cells that are genetically different due to crossing over |
| a cell containing both sets of homologous chromosomes | diploid |
| contains one set of homologous chromosomes | haploid |
| sex cells (gametes) are haploid/diploid? | haploid |
| _________ is a process of reduction devision in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell | meiosis |
| by the end of meiosis, the diploid cell has become four ________ cells | haploid |
| prior to meiosis 1, each chromosome is ___________. (Interphase 1) | replicated |
| Prophase 1- Chromosomes pair with _______ chromosomes to form a _______which contains four chromatids. Then __________ over occurs, portions of chromatids are exchanged | homologous, tetrad, crossing |
| this leads to genetic diversity, portions of chromatids are exchanged | crossing over |
| in this stage of meiosis, chromosomes line up in the middle of a single cell | Metaphase 1 |
| in this phase of meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate in the single cell | anaphase 1 |
| Meiosis 1 ends with_____ haploid cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the original, duplicated cell (so it has the normal amount) | 2 |
| Meiosos II-Prophase II-chromosomes Do/DoNot replicate? | Do NOT |
| in this phase of meiosis, chromosomes line up along the middle of both haploid cells | metaphase II |
| Mitosis results in the production of two genetically identical ________ cells, while meiosis produces 4 genetically different______cells | diploid, hapliod |
| the simple addition, deletion, or manipulation of an organism to create a desired change | genetic engineering |
| organisms that contain genes from other organisms, altered by genetic engineering | transgenic |
| engineering of organisms for useful purposes | biotechnology |
| give two reasons to clone animals | herd improvement, pharmaceutical production, satisfy desires(pets) |
| Tiny segments of a gene are taken out and replaced with other unrelated DNA, also called gene splicing | recombinant DNA |
| production of pharmaceuticals in animals engineered to contain a foreign, drug producing gene | pharming |
| moving a gene from one organism to another | gene transfer |
| a member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell | clone |
Created by:
ebony5407
Popular Biology sets