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Evolulation
Science
Question | Answer |
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What is a fossil? Give three examples of things that could become fossilized. | A fossil is the preserved remains of a species that lived in the past EXAMPLES: A footprint A piece of bone A tooth |
How do fossils help scientists collect evidence that evolution has occurred? What type of scientist studies these fossils? | Fossils allow paleontologists to understand when former species lived as well as make observations and inferences about the way they lived. Scientists that study fossils are known as paleontologists |
What does it mean for a species to become extinct? What could cause extinction? | A species becomes extinct when the final member of the species dies and there are no surviving offspring Things that could cause extinction: Environmental change Loss of food source Disease Etc. |
What types of life are the oldest on Earth? Single-celled or multi celled? | Single-celled organisms are the oldest forms of life on the planet They first appeared on the planet MILLIONS of years ago |
What does “diversity of species mean? | Diversity of species means there are many different kinds of organisms |
What is natural selection? How long does this process usually take? | The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory was proposed by Charles Darwin after his observation on FINCHES and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evoluti |
What is an observation? What is an inference? Give an example of each. | OBSERVATION: The act of viewing or noting something with one of the senses (see, hear, smell, taste or touch) It is a fact EX. The footprint has 3 toes INFERENCE: A proposed conclusion based on an observation It does not always have to be correct |
TRUE or FALSE: Humans have had no impact on the evolution of other species. | FALSE: Humans impact the evolution of other species in many ways Hunting Habitat Destruction Pollution |
What is genetic variation? What causes this variation and how does that lead to natural selection? | Genetic variation is differences that are caused by an organism’s genes Variation is usually caused by a MUTATION in the organism’s DNA This variation allows certain individuals to be better suited for their environment and have a higher chance at repro |
What is a mutation? How do they affect an individual? | A mutation is any change in an organism’s DNA Typically these mutations occur during the fertilization Ex. A hornless cow gives birth to a cow with hornsSome mutations are beneficial and lead to organisms having a greater chance at reproduction EX. 4 t |
What is the difference between an acquired and inherited trait? Which type of trait gets passed to offspring? | Acquired Traits: Traits that an individual gains during the course of their life that are not genetic Ex. a man lifts weights and becomes very muscular during the course of his life ACQUIRED TRAITS DO NOT GET PASSED TO OFFSPRING!!!! Only way to pass |
If two species have DNA that is very similar they are (MORE or LESS) closely related | If two species have very similar DNA they are MORE closely related than individuals with DNA that is not similar. This means they shared a common ancestor relatively recently |
Describe bacterial resistance using natural selection. | Originally most bacteria were non-resistant to antibiotics and died Some had the resistance gene and were able to survive the medicine They passed that gene to their offspring After many generations most bacteria now have resistance gene due to natural |