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SCIENCE REVIEW
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Growth | To increase in size |
| Response | to react to a change in the environment |
| Adaptation | any characteristic that allows organisms to survive |
| Movement | to be able to go from place to place |
| Metabolism | all changes in an organism that use or release energy |
| How many charecteristict of life do you need to be considered living | 6 |
| Locomotion | external |
| Transport | internal |
| Sexual | 2 parents |
| asexual | one parent |
| ocular lens | what you look into |
| revolving nosepiece | holds and changes all of microscipe powers |
| high power lens | highest power |
| low power | lowest lens |
| Stage clips | holds slides into place |
| body tube | reflect the image to see |
| Stage | support the slide |
| Diaphragm | regulates light |
| Projection lens | project the image |
| Base | support the microscope |
| Arm | conncects base and barrell |
| Coarse focus | raises and lower stage for focusing |
| Fine focus | slightly moves the stage to sharpen the image |
| power switch | turn the illimination on and off |
| Scanning | 4 |
| Ocular | 10 |
| low objective | 10 |
| High | 40 |
| Total magnification | Multiplying objective and ocular |
| 4 steps of putting the microscope away | stage all the way down, switch objectives to scanning, wrap the cord around the base, put the cover on |
| 3 parts of the cell theory | All organims are made of one or more cells, a cell is the smallest unit of life that carries out all 6 processes of life, all cells come from other cells |
| Plasma membrane/ cell membrane | controls what enters and leaves the cell, protects the cell, and maintains the shape |
| Cytoplasm | Jelly-like fluid that fills the cell and supports the organells, helps maintain its shape |
| Nucleus | Controls the cell like a brain and contains chromosomes |
| Nuclear envelope/ nuclear membrane | found in plant and animal cells, cotrols what enters and leaves the nucleus |
| Mitochondria | changes chemicals unto energy during respiration considered the powerhouse of the cell |
| Ribosome | cells make proteins for the cell |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | tube-like transport system. The subway of the cell. There are 2 types smooth and rough |
| Golgi Apparatus | packages and sends out protiens UPS of the cells |
| Vacuole | stores water food and waste for the cell Larger in plant cells |
| Cell wall | Only found in plant cells. Surround the cell membrane of the plant cell and it prvides its shape |
| Chloroplast | only found in plant cells. Turns lighter energy into chemical energy during the process of photosynthesis |
| lysosome | store digestive enzymes for the cell to break down food |
| Centrioles | only found in animal cells aids in cell division in animal cells during mitosis |
| Permeable | lets all materials pass through |
| impermeable | does not let anything pass through |
| Cell membrane | Semi permeable |
| Cell membrane | made off lipids and proteins |
| Cell membrane | The protiens allows large molecules to pass through |
| Passive transport | |
| Diffusion | when passive transport goes to high to low concentration through gaps in liquid molecules |
| Osmosis | a type of diffusuon that involves water |
| Active transport | Requires energy, goes low the high concentration, materials pass through carrier protiens |
| Graduated cylinder | read in the middle of the water line |
| Unit for a object that is rectangular | CM3 |
| Main energy source for cells | Glucose |
| Realtionship between the amount of glucose and ATP | More glucose the cell can obtain the more ATP produces |
| Can starch be used by cells | No it must be broken down |
| Fermentation | Glucose enters the cell and reacts with cytoplasm to create 2 ATP. The waste products are organic molecule and CO2 they leave the cell |
| Respiration Aerobic | Glucose enter cell react with cytoplasm, breaks down,=2 ATP. CO2 waste leaves cell. Organic molecule created bonds with O2. Oxygen+ org. mol. creates, trasnported to mictochondiran. Them broken down and 32 ATp goes . the waste prodcuts CO2 + H2o will h |
| Indicator | a substance that is used to visually show a change in color when in the presence of alother substance |
| Number of cells produced when a cell goes through division | 2 |
| Why go through cell division | to grow and replace injured or worn out cell |
| Interphase | Active time between cell division, most of a cells life, makes protiens/ATP, At end DNA is copied to prepare for mitosis |
| Phrophase | DNA form strands(Chromosomes) Centrioles move to oposite end, Nuclear mebrane dissapears, Spindle fibes stretch between Centrioles, chromosomes attach to fibers |
| MEtaphase | Chromosomes line up in middle of the cell |
| Anapase | Doubled chromosomes sepearate fibers shorten and Chromatids move to oopposite side |
| Chromatids | Single Chromosomes |
| Telophase | FIbers dissapear, Nuclear envelipe forms around each new nuclues, Organels and cytoplasm move to eather side, cell pinches in half |
| Cytokinesis | Cell pinches in half |
| PMAT | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase telophase |
| Relationship between daughter cell and Parent | identical |
| Aboitic factors | Water, soil, temperature, light, and inorganic subsrtances |
| Biotic factors | plants animals monerans protists and fungi |
| Decompose | Bacterican and Fungi |
| Symboisis | Commensalism, mitualism ,and parasitism |
| Where does translocation occur/ what is it | The movement of substances within and plant, it occurs in roots, stem, leaves and anywhere else substances move |
| How does a plant store extra energy | Strach |
| Formula for photy sythesis | 6CO2+6H2O+GO2 |
| Different parts of Mesophyl | Pallisade an spongy |
| Palisade | Dense layer contain chlorplast |
| Spongy | Contaisn space for gas and water exchange |
| Decomposition | Bacterica decompose plants and animals releasing nitrogen back into the atmosphere and earth |
| Ecological succesion | One community is replaced by another |
| Aqutic biome | Fresh water, no salt, pond rivers etc, lilly pads frogs etc |
| Terrestrial biome | Deciduoious seasonl temoerature avergae rain fall NY states plants animals etc |
| 5 principas of genetocs | |
| 3 mechanims used by the body to maintain hemeostatis | electro-chemical signals, Negative feedback mechanisms, and lock and key |
| enzymes | chemical protiens in the body that assist or speed up chemical ractions |
| Sallest to largest | cells, tissues, organis, organs systems |
| Muscle tissue | moves the body and substances within the bodu- biceps triceps, heart and arterial walls |
| Nerve tissue | transmitts messages throught the body found in brain, nerve cord, and neurons |
| Epithelial tissue | covers surface of your body found in skin lining, and digestive system |
| connective tissue | connects or holds together parts of the body found in bone, cartilage, fat, blood, tendons, and ligaments |
| Skin | protects us from harmful substances, regulates water loss through pores, contains cappilares, nerves, sweat glands, hair follicles, and other structures |
| Dermis | protects us from harmful substances, regulates water loss through pores |
| Epidermis | Forms true skin contains capillaries, nerves, sweat glands, hair follicles, and other structures |
| Skeltal system | support the body gives it shape prtoetcs organs, enables movment, stores calcium and phosphorus and produce blood cells |
| Ligaments | connect bone to bone |
| Tendons | bone to muscle |
| 5 basic joints | Sutures, Pivot joint, ball and socket, Hinge Joint , ND gliding joint |
| Carbihydrates | provide energy |
| Fat | provides energy for the body when carbohydrates are not available. |
| Proteins | provides energy for the body when fats and carbohydrates are not available |
| circulatory system | transport nutrients and oxygen to the body cells and transport waste products away from body cells |
| Pulmonary | circulation carries blood to and from the lung |
| Systemic Circulation. | transport blood to and from the rest of the body |
| Arteries | arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart and they carry mostly oxygen-rich blood |
| Veins, | blood vessels that carry blood to the heart, |
| Capillaries | Capillaries are the tiniest of blood vessels which join arteries and veins they are also the site of gas exchange. |
| Plasma | help blood cells move. |
| Platelets | help repair injured blood cells |
| Red blood cells | carry oxygen |
| White blood cells | fight infections and diseases |
| Respitory system | provide conducting passageways in order for oxygen to be used in the body to release energy, purify,humidify,and warms incoming air, and lastly filters out dust from the air |
| Capilliares | release CO2 into alveili and then CO2 is exhaled |
| Liver | removes used amino acids |
| Kidney | helps remove waste |
| nervous system. | The major functions of the nervous system is to sense the environment around us, to learn and apply what is learned, to recall memories, and to regulate the body's metabolism |
| entral nervous system | controls the center of the body containing the brain and spinal cord. |
| Peripheral Nervous system | a network of nerves that branch off the central nervous system and connect with organs of the body. |
| Cerebrum | interprets sensory information, the center of thinking, and the area for learning, creativity, memory, and decision making |
| cellebelum | coordinates movement of the body |
| hypothalamus | regulate hormone production in the body and regulates body temperature. |
| Medulla | brain and spinal cord and meet, controls the functions of internal organs, and controls some of your reflexes. |
| reflex arc | stimulus hits a receptor, the stimulus travels down the sensory neurons to the gray matter in the spinal cord. The spinal cord creates a response and sends it down the motor Neurons to the effector. |
| endocrine system | regulate body activities through the uses of chemical known as hormones. |
| Diploid | sperm and the eggs each contributed half the number of chromosomes to create a whole. |
| zygote | sperm and eggs combine during fertilization. |
| haploid | ells go through two divisions which reduces the number of chromosomes to half. |
| two different types of white blood cells? | T cells and B cells. |
| immune response? | T cell recognizes a virus, some T cells attack, some T cells attack B cells, then lastly antibodies destroy pathogens. |
| Lymph Node | contains white blood cells and help destroy harmful organisms, |
| Thymus | matures and store T-cells, |
| Bone Marrow | produces t cell and red blood cells |
| spleen | clearspit foreign bodies and worn out cell |
Created by:
Ebatten
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