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ES ASTRO 2
Space and our Solar System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Law of Orbits | Kepler's First Law The orbital shape for any satellite is an ellipse |
| Law of Equal Areas | Kepler's Second Law Satellites sweep through equal area in equal time. Practically speaking, this means they move fastest when nearest the orbited body |
| Law of Periods | Kepler's Third Law Satellites further from the orbited body travel slower than those that are closer to the orbited body |
| Rotation | The movement of a body about its axis. The earth, the moon, and the sun each exhibit rotation |
| Revolution | The movement of a body in an orbital path around another body |
| Tilt | The angle of a planetary axis measured against its orbital plane |
| Solstice | When the sun's direct rays fall at either 23.5 degrees North or South latitude; the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, respectively |
| Equinox | Literally translated equal night. Direct rays of the sun shine directly at earth's equator. Every location on earth receives equal minutes of night and equal minutes of day |
| Waning | Getting smaller |
| Waxing | Geting Larger |
| Crescent | The apparent shape of the moon when it is less than half illuminated |
| Gibbous | The apparent shape of the moon when it is more than half illuminated |
| Lunar eclipse | When the earth's shadow falls on the moon; or better, when the moon travels within the earth's umbra/penumbra. A lunar eclipse can only happen during a full moon. |
| Solar eclipse | When the moon's shadow falls on the earth; or better, when the earth travels across the moon's umbra/penumbra. A solar eclipse can only happen during a new moon. |
| Maria | Regions on the moon that appear darker in color. These are ancient lava beds, yest comprise the youngest rocks on the moon |
| Highlands | Regions on the moon that appear lighter in color. These are the oldest rocks of the moon |